A5054594213- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Climate variability and models
- Wind and Air Flow Studies
- Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Urban Heat Island Mitigation
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Precipitation Measurement and Analysis
- Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing
- Flood Risk Assessment and Management
- Hydrology and Drought Analysis
- Landslides and related hazards
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Seismic Waves and Analysis
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Aeolian processes and effects
NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research
2014-2024
Research Applications (United States)
2022-2024
Research Applications Laboratory
2022
Colorado State University
1998-2004
University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
2004
University of Miami
2004
University of Wisconsin–Madison
2004
The Bow Echo and Mesoscale Convective Vortex Experiment (BAMEX) is a research investigation using highly mobile platforms to examine the life cycles of mesoscale convective systems. It represents combination two related investigations study (a) bow echoes, principally those that produce damaging surface winds last at least 4 h, (b) larger systems long-lived vortices (MCVs). field phase BAMEX utilized three instrumented aircraft an array ground-based instruments. Two long-range turboprop were...
Abstract Emerging application areas such as air pollution in megacities, wind energy, urban security, and operation of unmanned aerial vehicles have intensified scientific societal interest mountain meteorology. To address needs help improve the prediction weather, U.S. Department Defense has funded a research effort—the Mountain Terrain Atmospheric Modeling Observations (MATERHORN) Program—that draws expertise multidisciplinary, multi-institutional, multinational group researchers. The...
On the evening of 28 July 1997 city Fort Collins, Colorado, experienced a devastating flash flood that caused five fatalities and over 200 million dollars in damage. Maximum accumulations rainfall western part exceeded 10 in. 6-h period. This study presents multiscale meteorological overview event utilizing wide variety instrument platforms data including rain gauge, CSU–CHILL multiparameter radar, Next Generation Radar, National Lightning Detection Network, surface Aircraft Communication...
Abstract Diffusion that is implicit in the odd-ordered advection schemes early versions of Advanced Research core Weather and Forecasting (WRF) model sometimes insufficient to remove noise from kinematical fields. The problem worst when grid-relative wind speeds are low stratification nearly neutral or unstable, such as weakly forced daytime boundary layers, where can grow until it competes with physical phenomena being simulated. One solution this an explicit, sixth-order numerical...
Abstract Record‐breaking rainfall of 524.1 mm in 24 hr occurred the coastal metropolitan city Guangzhou, China, during 6–7 May 2017 and caused devastating flooding. Observation analysis a nested very large eddy simulation (VLES) with Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model were conducted to investigate various factors that contributed heavy rainfall, including synoptic weather pattern, topographic effects, cold pool, urban effects. First, warm moist southerly flow lower troposphere over...
Abstract Urban areas generally have higher near‐surface air temperature and lower humidity than rural areas. Little is known about how heat stress, the combined effect of high on human physiology, will be affected by future urban land expansion. Here we use a mesoscale numerical weather prediction model to examine effects expansion from 2000 2050 stress (measured as wet‐bulb globe temperature, WBGT) in China, India, Nigeria, which are projected account for one‐third global population growth...
Abstract The authors evaluate whether the structure and intensity of simulated squall lines can be explained by “RKW theory,” which most specifically addresses how density currents evolve in sheared environments. In contrast to earlier studies, this study compares output from four numerical models, rather than just one. All authors’ simulations support qualitative application RKW theory, whereby squall-line is primarily governed two effects: line’s surface-based cold pool, low- midlevel...
Abstract Weather Research and Forecasting Model forecasts over the Great Salt Lake Desert erroneously underpredict nocturnal cooling sparsely vegetated silt loam soil area of Dugway Proving Ground in northern Utah, with a mean positive bias error temperature at 2 m AGL 3.4°C early morning [1200 UTC (0500 LST)]. Positive early-morning errors also exist nearby sandy areas. These biases are related to improper initialization moisture parameterization thermal conductivity soils. Forecasts 2-m...
This paper reviews the benefits of a better understanding atmospheric exchange processes over mountains. These affect weather and climate variables that are important in meteorological applications related to many scientific disciplines sectors economy. We focus this review on examples hydrology, ecology, agriculture, urban planning, wind energy, transportation, air pollution, change. demonstrate more accurate knowledge mountains, including snow redistribution, microclimate, land-cover...
Abstract To investigate the mechanisms for record‐breaking rainfall in coastal metropolitan city of Guangzhou, China during 6–7 May 2017, budget analyses advection and source/sink terms water vapor, potential temperature, vertical momentum equations were conducted using model output a nested very large eddy simulation with Weather Research Forecasting model. Results show that warm moist air flows from south east onshore lower troposphere provided main moisture source heavy rainfall. The...
Abstract Over the past decade, numerous numerical modeling studies have shown that deep convective clouds can produce gravity waves induce a significant vertical flux of horizontal momentum. Such used models with grid spacings O(1 km) and produced strong wavelengths greater than about 20 km. This paper is an examination how simulated their momentum are sensitive to model resolution. It increases in resolution more power shorter wavelengths. change waves’ spectra influences propagation. In...
Abstract Air quality forecasts produced by the National Quality Forecasting Capability (NAQFC) help air forecasters across United States in making informed decisions to protect public health from acute pollution episodes. However, errors limit their value decision-making process. This study aims enhance accuracy of NAQFC and reliably quantify uncertainties using a statistical–dynamical method called analog ensemble (AnEn), which has previously been found efficiently generate probabilistic...
Abstract Recently, two analog-based postprocessing methods were demonstrated to reduce the systematic and random errors from Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) Model predictions of 10-m wind speed over central United States. To test robustness generality, gain a deeper understanding forecasts with analogs, this paper expands upon that work by applying both analog surface stations evenly distributed across conterminous States 1-yr period. The Global Forecast System (GFS), North American...
Abstract Operational Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model forecasts run over Dugway Proving Ground (DPG) in northwest Utah, produced by the U.S. Army Test Evaluation Command Four-Dimensional System (4DWX), underpredict amplitude of diurnal temperature cycle during September October. Mean afternoon [2000 UTC (1300 LST)] early morning [1100 (0400 2-m bias errors evaluated against 195 surface stations using 6- 12-h are –1.37° 1.66°C, respectively. Bias relative to soundings 4DWX-DPG...
The authors demonstrate that much can be learned about the performance of a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model by examining temporal modes its simulated rainfall. Observations from Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) network are used to evaluate rainfall frequency, and diurnal semidiurnal modes, in simulations made preliminary version Research Forecasting (WRF) for conterminous United States during summer 2003. Simulations observations were broadly similar normalized...
Abstract The field of atmospheric science has been enhanced by its long-standing collaboration with entities specific needs. This chapter and the two subsequent ones describe how applications have worked to advance at same time that served needs society. briefly reviews synergy between advancing science. It specifically describes progress in weather modification, aviation weather, for security. Each these resulted understanding physics dynamics atmosphere, new improved observing equipment,...
Meteorologists and other weather enthusiasts sometimes lament that they live in holes—places receive less exciting than do their surroundings . This belief seems to stem from countless hours spent gazing at thunderstorms on displays of radar reflectivity. To test objectively whether observations truly bear out this belief, the authors analyzed 6 yr composite reflectivity Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) network. Statistics for 28 target cities, selected prominent...
Abstract Area-averaged estimates of Cn2 from high-resolution numerical weather prediction (NWP) model output are produced local the spatial structure functions refractive index with corrections for inherent smoothing and filtering effects underlying NWP model. The key assumptions existence a universal statistical description small-scale turbulence locally filter variables. Under these assumptions, variables can be related to atmospheric extended smaller underresolved scales. shape is...
Abstract The simulated winds within the urban canopy of landfalling tropical cyclones are sensitive to representation planetary-boundary and urban-canopy layers in numerical weather prediction models. In order assess sub-grid-scale parameterizations these layers, mesoscale model simulations were executed evaluated against near-surface observations as outer wind field Hurricane Irma (2017) interacted with built-up region from downtown Miami northward West Palm Beach. Four examined, comprised...
The Pentagon, and its 25,000+ occupants, represents a likely target for future terrorist attack using chemical, biological, or radiological material released into the atmosphere. Motivated by this, building-protection system, called Pentagon Shield, is being developed deployed number of government, academic, private organizations. system consists variety data-assimilation forecast models that resolve processes from mesoscale to city scale building scale, assimilate meteorological contaminant...
Abstract This study describes a stepwise methodology used to provide daily high-spatial-resolution water surface temperatures from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite data for use nearly in real time the Great Salt Lake (GSL). Land temperature (LST) is obtained each day and then goes through following series of steps: land masking, quality control based on other concurrent datasets, bias correction, LSTs recent overpasses, temporal compositing, spatial hole...
Monitoring the fuel moisture content (FMC) of 10 h dead vegetation is crucial for managing and mitigating impact wildland fires. The combination in situ FMC observations, numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, satellite retrievals has facilitated development machine learning (ML) models to estimate over contiguous US (CONUS). In this study, ML were trained using variables from National Water Model, High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) NWP model, static surface properties, along with...
Abstract As a first step toward achieving full physics urban weather simulation capabilities within the resident‐GPU large‐eddy (LES) FastEddy® model, we have implemented and verified/validated method for explicit representation of building effects. Herein, extend immersed body force (IBFM) from Chan Leach (2007, https://doi.org/10.1175/2006JAMC1321.1 ) to (i) be scale independent (ii) control surface temperatures. Through specific drag‐like term in momentum equations, IBFM is able enforce...
This paper investigates the sensitivities of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulations to different parameterization schemes (atmospheric boundary layer, microphysics, cumulus, longwave shortwave radiations other configuration parameters) on a domain centered over inter-mountain western United States (U.S.). Sensitivities are evaluated through multi-model, multi-physics multi-perturbation operational ensemble system based real-time four-dimensional data assimilation (RTFDDA)...
Abstract The multilayer urban canopy models (UCMs) building effect parameterization (BEP) and BEP + energy model (BEM; a integrated in BEP) are added to the Yonsei University (YSU) planetary boundary layer (PBL) Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) Model. additions allow for first analysis of detailed effects buildings on nonlocal closure scheme. modified YSU PBL is compared with other 1.5-order local parameterizations that predict turbulent kinetic (TKE), Mellor–Yamada–Janjić...