A5048022206- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Viral-associated cancers and disorders
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Microbial infections and disease research
- T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects
- Animal health and immunology
- Transgenic Plants and Applications
Irish Equine Centre
2015-2025
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé Animale
2022-2024
Tufts University
2020
National Zoological Park
2020
Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust
2018
Newmarket Equine Hospital
2011
National Institutes of Health Clinical Center
2008
University of Kentucky
2008
University of Glasgow
1986-1989
Medical Research Council
1988
Influenza virus infection remains a public health problem worldwide. The mechanisms underlying viral control during an uncomplicated influenza are not fully understood. Here, we developed mathematical model including both innate and adaptive immune responses to study the within-host dynamics of equine in horses. By comparing modeling predictions with interferon kinetic data, examined relative roles target cell availability, controlling virus. Our results show that rapid substantial decline...
Equine influenza is a common disease of the horse, causing significant morbidity worldwide. Here we describe establishment plasmid-based reverse genetics system for equine virus. Utilizing this system, generated three mutant viruses encoding carboxy-terminally truncated NS1 proteins. We have previously shown that recombinant human virus lacking gene (delNS1) could only replicate in interferon (IFN)-incompetent systems, suggesting protein responsible IFN antagonist activity. Contrary to...
A key question in pandemic influenza is the relative roles of innate immunity and target cell depletion limiting primary infection modulating pathology. Here, we model these interactions using detailed data from equine virus infection, combining viral immune (type I interferon) kinetics with estimates depletion. The resulting dynamics indicate a powerful role for controlling rapid peak shedding. As corollary, cells are much less depleted than suggested by human based only on virus-shedding...
This study aimed to investigate the molecular prevalence and genetic characterization of EHV-1 EHV-4 in equid populations Morocco. A total 154 equids (114 horses, 9 donkeys, 31 mules) were sampled, with nasal swabs tissue samples subjected multiplex real-time PCR for detection EHV-4. Additionally, an isolate from aborted horse fetus was included analysis. subset EHV-positive underwent virus isolation followed by whole-genome sequencing. assays revealed that 42 (27%) tested positive EHV-4,...
This study describes a comparison of the detection rotavirus in clinical samples from foals using two commercially available rapid antigen (RAD) kits, with nucleic acid via laboratory-based, in-house, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. One hundred and forty freeze-thawed (70 that were RT-PCR-positive 70 RT-PCR-negative on original tests) submitted to diagnostic laboratory over seven-year period tested addition 123 fresh (15 108 RT-PCR-negative) four-...
The complete DNA sequence of equine herpesvirus-4 (EHV-4) strain NS80567 was determined. genome is 145597 bp in size and consists a long unique region (UL, 112398 bp) flanked by short inverted repeat (TRL/IRL, 27 linked to (Us, 12789 substantial (TRs/IRs, 10178 bp). EHV-4 predicted contain 76 different genes; three these are present twice TRs/IRs, giving total 79 genes. closely related virus herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) also possesses genes corresponding those EHV-4, but has 80 because four...
In this study, the complete genome sequences of seven equine group A rotavirus (RVA) strains (RVA/Horse-tc/GBR/L338/1991/G13P[18], RVA/Horse-wt/IRL/03V04954/2003/G3P[12] and RVA/Horse-wt/IRL/04V2024/2004/G14P[12] from Europe; RVA/Horse-wt/ARG/E30/1993/G3P[12], RVA/Horse-wt/ARG/E403/2006/G14P[12] RVA/Horse-wt/ARG/E4040/2008/G14P[12] Argentina; RVA/Horse-wt/ZAF/EqRV-SA1/2006/G14P[12] South Africa) were determined. Multiple novel genotypes identified genotype numbers assigned by Rotavirus...
Summary The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a sensitive technique used to detect DNA of viral pathogens. We have applied the detection Equid herpesviruses‐1 and −4 (EHV‐1 EHV‐4) within nasopharyngeal swab samples from horses. Ninety‐eight suspected field cases in‐contact horses were analysed. assays conducted blind later decoded compared with virus isolation data. Our results indicate that PCR rapid for diagnosis EHV‐1 EHV‐4 infection.
The nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein gB gene equine herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4) was determined. located within a BamHI genomic library by combination Southern and dot-blot hybridization with probes derived from herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) DNA sequence. predominant portion coding sequences mapped to 2.95-kilobase BamHI-EcoRI subfragment at left-hand end BamHI-C. Potential TATA box, CAT mRNA start site translational initiation codon were in M fragment virus, which is immediately left...
Summary The genome structure of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) subtype 2 was shown by electron microscopic studies and restriction endonuclease site mapping to comprise two covalently linked segments (L, 109 kbp; S, 35 kbp). S segment contains a unique sequence (US) flanked substantial inverted repeat (TRS/IRS). Thus, the EHV-1 is similar that published previously for 1, but subtypes differ in occurrences EcoRI BamHI sites. Hybridization using cloned DNA showed colinear with genomes herpes...
Summary Reasons for performing study: Outbreaks of equine influenza (EI) in endemic populations continue to cause economic loss despite widespread vaccination. Hypothesis: To identify the key management and environmental factors that determine risk horses contracting EI an country control strategies. Methods: Real time‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), virus isolation haemagglutination inhibition were carried out on nasopharyngeal swabs clotted blood samples collected from ponies showing...
Summary Reasons for performing the study: Antigenic and genetic drift of equine influenza (EI) virus is monitored annually by Expert Surveillance Panel (ESP), which make recommendations on need to update vaccines. programmes are essential this process operate effectively decrease risk disease spread through international movement subclinically infected vaccinated horses. Not only surveillance necessary inform vaccine companies strains in circulation, but it serves as an early warning system...
Abstract Equine influenza virus (EIV) is a common, highly contagious equid respiratory disease. Historically, EIV outbreaks have caused high levels of equine illness and economic damage. Outbreaks occurred worldwide in the past decade. The risk for infection not limited to equids; dogs, cats, humans are susceptible. In addition, equids at from with avian viruses, which can increase mortality rates. spread by direct indirect contact, recent epizootics also suggest wind-aided aerosol...
Multiple locus typing based on sequencing heterologous regions in 26 open reading frames (ORFs) of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) strains Ab4 and V592 was used to characterise 272 EHV-1 isolates from 238 outbreaks abortion, respiratory or neurological disease over a 28-year period. The analysis grouped the viruses into at least 10 13 unique long region (UL) clades previously recognised. Viruses same outbreak had identical multi-locus profiles. Sequencing ORF68 222 established divergence seven...
ABSTRACT Equine influenza is a cause of epizootic respiratory disease the equine. The detection equine virus using real-time Light Cycler reverse transcription (RT)-PCR technology was evaluated over two seasons with analysis 171 samples submitted for viral disease. Increased sensitivity found in overall this system compared to Directigen Flu A and isolation, which were 40% 23%, respectively, that RT-PCR. assay also as viable replacement more traditional methods quantifying virus, 50% egg...
Three previously described NS1 mutant equine influenza viruses encoding carboxy-terminally truncated proteins are impaired in their ability to inhibit type I IFN production vitro and replication attenuated, thus candidates for use as a modified live virus vaccine the horse.One or more of these is safe when administered horses, recipient horses challenged with wild-type have reduced physiological virological correlates disease.Vaccination challenge studies were done measurement pyrexia,...
The Réseau d'Epidémio-Surveillance en Pathologie Equine (RESPE, the French epidemiological network for equine diseases) is a epidemio-surveillance of major diseases based around sentry veterinarians in France.The aim this study was to evaluate contribution RESPE efficient surveillance influenza virus (EIV) France.Retrospective cross-sectional study.From November 2005 October 2010, and phylogenetic studies were performed on 1426 nasopharyngeal swabs received at Frank Duncombe Laboratory....