A particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm-based staircase modulation strategy for modular multilevel converters (MMC) is proposed. To reduce switching losses and device stress, the method has been adopted in high-voltage high-power energy conversion applications. In particular, selection of appropriate iterative initial values angles a significant step to realize modulated MMC. The proposed able find optimum angles, while it advantages global quadratic convergence, which benefit from PSO...

The increasing integration of variable wind generation has aggravated the imbalance between electricity supply and demand. Power-to-hydrogen (P2H) is a promising solution to balance demand in power grid, which excess converted into hydrogen via electrolysis stored for later use. In this study, an energy hub (EH) with both P2H facility (electrolyzer) gas-to-power (G2P) (hydrogen gas turbine) proposed accommodate high penetration power. EH modeled integrated security-constrained unit...

Distributed renewable energy requires market-based measures to remain competitive as subsidies are phased out. However, the intermittence and volatility of power generation lead great challenges in decision-making. To address uncertainty issues induced by inaccurate RE forecast, this paper proposed a peer-to-peer transactive trading strategy for multiple microgrids based on distributionally robust optimization. First, an fuzzy set Wasserstein distance is created prediction errors each...

As an emerging energy carrier, hydrogen presents a potential opportunity to increase the flexibility and resiliency of integrated power transportation system having ultrahigh penetration renewable generation. This article studies conceptual energy-mobility (IEMS) based on renewable-to-hydrogen stations (RHSs) tank truck fleets. In RHS, renewables grid while also charge storage unit that can perform power-to-hydrogen (P2H) hydrogen-to-power (H2P) operations. Besides, using fleets, RHS will...

This paper considers networked nanogrids with an electric vehicle battery swapping station (BSS) as a cyber-physical energy management system (CPEMS) for enhancing the supply reliability, resilience, and economics. discusses architecture control framework of proposed CPEMS. A capacity optimization problem is formulated based on mixed-integer linear programming solved scenario-based approach to schedule CPEMS generation storage. Individual BSS share scheduled storage resources exploit...

Microgrids are increasingly deployed and networked at the power distribution level in transition toward an active network (ADN) that is managed by a system operator (DSO). This paper presents decentralized economic dispatch approach for ADN, when DSO collaborates with microgrid central controllers (MGCCs) residing set of microgrids optimizing ADN's energy management. first develops comprehensive model form mixed-integer second-order cone programming (MISOCP) ensuring efficiency security...

The proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs) offers additional opportunities for improving the ambient air quality and reducing associated health impacts. However, such could become unattainable if electricity charging EVs is mainly supplied by coal-fired units. This paper aims to enhance environmental benefits differentiating marginal impacts unit emissions at various times locations on pollutant concentration (AAPC) human conditions. proposed cost-effective approach will assign EV battery...

Abstract With the continuous development of new energy technologies and widespread application high voltage direct current transmission technology, use modular multilevel converters (MMC) has significantly increased. Traditional MMCs, composed half‐bridge submodules, lack fault handling capabilities, cannot block currents on DC side, thus compromising stability systems. Therefore, this study proposes a low‐cost improved MMC submodule topology based dual‐bidirectional switch (DBSSM) provides...

The transient stabilization of virtual synchronous generator-voltage source converter (VSG-VSC) system considering the current limitation is analyzed, which widely used in grid integration renewable energy. mechanism and adverse effect are revealed through qualitative quantitative analysis. Further, low-pass filter (LPF)-based power angle feedback control proposed. improvement stability elimination verified by phase trajectory method based on a nonlinear state space model during fault...

Nanogrids are expected to play a significant role in managing the ever-increasing distributed renewable energy sources. If an off-grid nanogrid can supply fully-charged batteries battery swapping station (BSS) serving regional electric vehicles (EVs), it will help establish structure for implementing renewable-energy-to-vehicle systems. A capacity planning problem is formulated determine optimal sizing of photovoltaic (PV) generation and battery-based storage system (BESS) such nanogrid. The...

Transportation electrification is regarded as one of the most significant opportunities to address social and environmental challenges posed by mass motorization rapid urbanization. Electric vehicles (EVs) are playing an essential role in realizing transportation electrification, with benefits oil conservation, local air-quality improvement, global climate change mitigation, transit mode upgrading. In principle, EVs include battery electric plug-in hybrid vehicles, service types representing...

Power system requires developing more flexible sources to handle the variability and stochastic of ever-increasing renewable energy. Retrofitting conventional coal-fired power plants (CPPs) is a viable promising pathway for providing large-scale flexibility at this stage. Typical retrofit technologies mainly include reducing minimum load, improving ramping capability, speeding up startups/shutdowns. They involve multiple subsystems CPPs coupled technical issues, they have different...

This paper proposes a new multiple coils coupler (MCC) comprising transmitter with numerous circular auxiliary connected in series and lightweight receiver coil to ensure high anti-misalignment ability for the wireless charging system (WCS). First, proposed MCC's rationality is verified by analyzing misalignment performance of asymmetric (ACC) some coils. Furthermore, comprehensive elucidation given, outlining principle structure from magnetic field distribution mutual inductance model....

Modular multilevel converter (MMC) is a modern and preferred topology among the voltage source converters (VSCs) in high direct current (HVdc) transmission. However, traditional half-bridge sub-module (SM) cannot block dc fault current. Hence, novel SM with ride-through capability introduced. This article proposes an improved diode-clamp (IDCSM) structure. Based on DCSM topology, two capacitors' connection IDCSM modified to operate independently generate output levels of <inline-formula...

Abstract This paper proposes a comprehensive control strategy for battery energy storage system (BESS) participating in primary frequency modulation (FM) while considering the state of charge (SOC) recovery. On one hand, when fluctuations are outside dead zone FM, variable coefficient virtual sag and inertia coordinated more accurate FM. Also, an assisted FM is proposed, where temporal alignment determined by regional segmentation deviation SOC, it enables BESS to recover SOC concurrently...