Insulin receptors (IRs) are expressed in discrete neuronal populations the central nervous system, including hippocampus. To elucidate functional role of hippocampal IRs independent metabolic function, we generated a model hippocampal-specific insulin resistance using lentiviral vector expressing an IR antisense sequence (LV-IRAS). LV-IRAS effectively downregulates expression rat hippocampus without affecting body weight, adiposity, or peripheral glucose homeostasis. Nevertheless,...

Long-term potentiation (LTP), an in vitro model of learning, was induced hippocampal slices by 5-hertz stimulation. During induction, gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) inhibition decreased, causing the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated excitation to increase. 2-OH Saclofen, a GABAB receptor antagonist, prevented reduction inhibition, increase excitation, and induction LTP. Therefore, disinhibition caused receptors is required for LTP modulation synaptic plasticity occurs at frequencies...

Acetylcholine (ACh) is released from basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in response to salient stimuli and engages brain states supporting attention memory. These high ACh are associated with theta oscillations, which synchronize neuronal ensembles. Theta oscillations basolateral amygdala (BLA) both humans rodents have been shown underlie emotional memory, yet their mechanism remains unclear. Here, using slice electrophysiology male female mice, we show large evoke prolonged BLA local field...

GABA receptor regulation of NMDA-receptor-mediated synaptic responses was studied in area CA1 the rat hippocampus using extracellular and intracellular recording techniques. Picrotoxin (PTX) used to suppress GABAA inhibition 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX) non-NMDA receptor-mediated responses. In this manner, we were able avoid complicating factors caused by potentials induced other excitatory inhibitory amino acid receptors. Under these conditions, large EPSPs observed. When paired...

Interneurons located near the border of dentate granule cell layer and hilus were studied in hippocampal slices using whole-cell current clamp biocytin staining. Because these interneurons exhibit both morphological electrophysiological diversity, we asked whether passive electrotonic parameters or repetitive firing behavior correlated with axonal distribution. Each interneuron was distinguished by a preferred distribution molecular layer, four groups could be discerned, axons which...

Effects of the gamma-aminobutyric acidB (GABAB) agonist baclofen on evoked responses and recurrent inhibition in dentate gyrus were examined rat hippocampal slices. Granule cell firing was induced by perforant path stimulation; pairing stimulus with a preceding mossy fiber mediated through GABAA receptors. Whereas (+/-)-baclofen (10 microM) suppressed path-evoked population spike only about 20%, it 84% converted response to an epileptiform multiple spikes. These effects...

1. Activity-dependent depression (fading) of polysynaptic inhibition and the effects this disinhibition on signal transmission were studied in dentate gyrus rat hippocampal slice with use intracellular extracellular recordings. 2. Polysynaptic inhibitory postsynaptic potentials/currents (IPSP/Cs) evoked granule cells by stimulation mossy fibers stratum lucidum area CA3b/c. These fiber-evoked IPSP/Cs consisted an early GABAA receptor-mediated component (IPSP/CA) a late GABAB (IPSP/CB). 3....

Kainate receptors contribute to synaptic plasticity and rhythmic oscillatory firing of neurons in corticolimbic circuits including hippocampal area CA3. We use zinc chelators mice deficient transporters show that synaptically released inhibits postsynaptic kainate at mossy fiber synapses limits frequency facilitation kainate, but not AMPA EPSCs during theta-pattern stimulation. Exogenous also the facilitatory modulation axon excitability by does suppress depressive effect on CA3 axons....

Synaptic activity causes significant fluctuations in proton concentrations the brain. Changes pH can affect neuronal excitability by acting on ligand-gated channels, including those gated glutamate. We show here a subunit-dependent regulation of native and recombinant kainate receptors physiologically relevant concentrations. The effect protons is voltage-independent subunit dependent, with GluR5(Q), GluR6(Q), GluR6(R), GluR6(R)/KA2 being inhibited GluR6(R)/KA1 potentiated. Mutation two...

Abstract Generalized learning is a fundamental process observed across species, contexts, and sensory modalities that enables animals to use past experiences adapt changing conditions. Evidence suggests the prefrontal cortex (PFC) extracts general features of an experience can be used multiple situations. The anterior cingulate (ACC), region PFC, implicated in generalized fear responses novel contexts. However, ACC’s role encoding contextual information poorly understood, especially under...

1. The preceding report presented evidence that the kindling-like induction of electrographic seizures (EGSs) in hippocampal slice is accompanied by a lasting increase excitability CA3 axon terminals, which manifested an action-potential initiation at this site. In we explore role N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and maintenance antidromic firing, as well gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) regulating activity once it has been induced. 2. Kindling-like stimulus trains (60 Hz, 2 s)...

Kainate receptors can be subject to voltage-dependent block by intracellular polyamines, which causes inward rectification of the current–voltage relationship. Sensitivity polyamine is largely determined identity a residue within pore domain that altered through RNA editing. This process replacement encoded glutamine(Q) with positively charged arginine(R), eliminating inhibition and thus rectification. In neurons, kainate associate auxiliary subunits Neto1 or Neto2. These transmembrane...

Journal Article Larval release in the crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould): chemical cues from hatching eggs Get access Dan Rittschof, Rittschof Duke University Marine LaboratoryPivers Island, Beaufort, NC 28516 and Zoology Department, UniversityDurham, 27706, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Richard B. Forward, Jr., Jr. David D. Mott Chemical Senses, Volume 10, Issue 4, 1985, Pages 567–577, https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/10.4.567...

Kainate receptor subunits can form functional channels as homomers of GluK1, GluK2 or GluK3, heteromeric combinations with each other incorporating GluK4 GluK5 subunits. However, and cannot by themselves. Incorporation into a complex increases glutamate apparent affinity also enables activation the agonist AMPA. Utilizing two-electrode voltage clamp Xenopus oocytes injected cRNA encoding kainate subunits, we have observed that composed GluK2/GluK4 GluK2/GluK5 steady state...

Kainate receptors (KARs) have been implicated in a number of neurological disorders, including epilepsy. KARs are tetrameric, composed combination GluK1-GluK5 subunits. We examined the contribution GluK2 and GluK5 subunits to activation desensitization heteromeric receptor. Heteromeric GluK2/K5 expressed HEK-293T cells showed markedly higher glutamate sensitivity than homomers did not desensitize at low concentrations. Mutation residue E738 substantially lowered its sensitivity. However,...