Food tastes better and people eat more of it when eaten with company than alone. Although several explanations have been proposed for this social facilitation eating, they share the basic assumption that phenomenon is achieved by existence co-eating others. Here, we demonstrate a similar "social" eating in absence other individuals. Elderly participants tasted piece popcorn alone while front mirror (which reflects participant themselves popcorn) or wall-reflecting monitor, were found to rate...

To investigate the neural representations of faces in primates, particularly relation to their personal familiarity or unfamiliarity, neuronal activities were chronically recorded from ventral portion anterior inferior temporal cortex (AITv) macaque monkeys during performance a facial identification task using either personally familiar unfamiliar as stimuli. By calculating correlation coefficients between responses for all possible pairs given and then population-based similarity measures...

To investigate the neural basis of associative aspects facial identification, we recorded neuronal activity from ventral, anterior inferior temporal cortex (AITv) macaque monkeys during performance an asymmetrical paired-association (APA) task that required pairing between abstract pattern and five different views a single person. In APA task, after one element pair (either or face) was presented as sample cue, reward-seeking monkey correctly identified other among various repeatedly test...

PURPOSE: Previous research shows that squirrel monkeys have two different strategies for facial recognition in the individual discrimination of their own species and those other species: one strategy is similar to humans, while specific monkeys. But it unclear whether use same between faces species. This question we explore this research. METHOD: Subjects were The stimuli which unfamiliar subjects. In training phase, subjects trained discriminate monkey human so as achieve a performance 80%...

Abstract Previous electroencephalography studies on anger suggest that greater left than right frontal cortical activity is associated with approach motivation of anger. Our previous study showed left‐superior activation was subjective during a traffic jam simulation forced participants to maintain slower speed expected in elderly adults, but not young adults. We subsequently observed similar brain using near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) adults the same driving situation. Using NIRS, present...

Inhibitory deficits are one of the predominant causes cognitive aging. This study examined age-related changes in response inhibition. In this study, young and older participants performed a bimanual/bipedal inhibition task while we measured their brain activity via functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Participants most trials bimanually (bipedally). However, they had to occasionally cancel both responses [Stop/Stop (SS) trials] or hand/foot responding with other [Go/Stop (GS) trials]. The...

Successful aging depends upon maintaining executive functions, which enable flexible response coordination. Although responses are required for both hands and feet, as in driving, few studies have examined functions brain activity older adults, terms of foot responses. In this study, younger (mean age = 20.8) participants 68.7) performed a newly developed bimanual/bipedal response-position selection compatibility task while we measured their using functional near-infrared spectroscopy....

京都大学)

Abstract In three experiments, we explored the perception of neon‐color spreading in squirrel monkeys and compared it with that humans. Experiment 1, human observers were tested to confirm effect stimulus aspects controlled a series experiments on effect. The strength was modulated by width, spacing, luminance ratio crosshatched lines induced spreading. 2A, one monkey taught discriminate circle from other shapes under same conditions as 1. dependent measure percentage correct responses. 2B,...

Face serves for both person identification and species recognition in humans. Do monkeys utilize their faces to identify other as humans do? We explored the face by squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) under three conditions, i.e. of individual own (discrimination between two monkeys), Japanese macaques), different a macaque). METHOD: The stimuli consisted six photographs: unfamiliar macaques. trained distinguish kinds simultaneously presented pairs each condition. Monkeys were reinforced when...