On 11 March 2011, the devastating M9.0 Tohoku Earthquake occurred on interface of subducting Pacific plate, and was followed by a huge tsunami that killed about 20,000 people. Several geophysical studies have already suggested very shallow portion plate might played an important role in producing such large earthquake tsunami. However, sparsity seafloor observations leads to insufficient spatial resolution fault slip interface. For this reason, location degree has not yet been estimated...

[1] Seafloor geodetic measurements using the GPS/acoustic technique just above rupture area of 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake revealed strong trench-normal variation in horizontal crustal displacement associated with earthquake. One set observations, at a site only 50 km away from trench, yielded most trench-ward data ever reported an accuracy better than 1 m. It showed coseismic up to 31 m, whereas another observations 100 trench 15-m displacement. These data, as well vertical pressure gauges...

Molecular analysis of DNA left in the environment, known as environmental (eDNA), has proven to be a powerful and cost-effective approach infer occurrence species. Nonetheless, relating measurements eDNA concentration population abundance remains difficult because detailed knowledge on processes that govern spatial temporal distribution should integrated reconstruct underlying target In this study, we propose general framework estimation for aquatic systems basis spatially replicated eDNA....

Abstract Organic farming has potential for the conservation of global biodiversity and associated ecosystem services. Despite this, knowledge effects organic systems on farmland is limited in Asia, worldwide leader rice production. We conducted first national‐scale study to investigate three different (conventional, low‐input organic) specific management practices (e.g. herbicide insecticide applications, crop rotation levee‐vegetation management) species richness abundance multiple...

Ocean-bottom pressure records obtained near the epicenter of 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake were examined to test whether was preceded by substantial precursory crustal deformation. The seafloor data enabled us search for small-scale preslip that would be difficult identify from terrestrial geodetic data. After treating reduce nontectonic fluctuations, we a time series vertical deformation in epicentral region with noise level 2–4 cm. No significant related detected period roughly day before...

Abstract Aim Stomata regulate CO 2 uptake, water‐vapour loss and uptake of gaseous pollutants. Jarvis‐type models that apply multiple‐constraint functions are commonly used to estimate stomatal conductance ( g s ), but most parameters for plant functional types (PFTs) have been estimated using limited information. We refined the data set key components response environmental factors in global PFTs. Location Global. Time period Data published 1973–2015. Major taxa studied Woody plants major...

Most complex systems in the real world are driven by multiple interactions among components. Identifying these is critical for understanding, forecasting, and controlling system-level phenomena. Transfer entropy (TE) convergent cross mapping (CCM) two widely-used approaches nonparametric causality detection based on time-series data. However, theoretical relationship between TE CCM has not been formally explained. Here, we provide a formulation that links an information-theoretic framework,...

Quantitative description of food webs provides fundamental information for the understanding population, community, and ecosystem dynamics. Recently, stable isotope mixing models have been widely used to quantify dietary proportions different resources a focal consumer. Here we propose novel model (IsoWeb) that estimates diet all consumers in web based on information. IsoWeb requires topological web, signatures web. A merit is it takes into account variation trophic enrichment factors among...

Abstract Isotope analysis has high potential for understanding fish ecology and food‐web structure in aquatic ecosystems. The utility of isotope will be greatly improved if we can reconstruct the chronology several isotopes at multiple growth stages individual fish. However, no practical methods exist reconstructing light‐element (e.g. δ 13 C, 15 N, 34 S, Δ 14 C) teleost fishes. Here, present test a new analytical approach isotopic ratios light life‐stages We sampled an anadromous salmon...

Abstract Supra‐annually synchronized flowering events occurring in tropical forests Southeast Asia, known as general (GF), are “spectacular and mysterious” forest events. Recently, studies that combined novel molecular techniques model‐based theoretical approaches suggested cool temperature drought synergistically drove GF. Although these advanced our understanding of GF, it is still difficult to know whether the individual‐based measurements mathematical representations reasonably well...

In Japan it was reported that about 9% of sexually active female teenagers had Chlamydia trachomatis. Most them were asymptomatic, which may lead to continuing spread the infection. Like C trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium is a pathogen in male non-gonococcal urethritis. However, few studies prevalence M general population have been reported. The objective this study determine infection among younger females and risk factors for infection.The conducted between October 2005 January 2006...

Determining the composition of a bird's diet and its seasonal shifts are fundamental for understanding ecology ecological functions species. Various methods have been used to estimate dietary compositions birds, which their own advantages disadvantages. In this study, we examined possibility using long-term volunteer monitoring data as source information 15 resident bird species in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. The were collected from field observations reported by volunteers regional...

There are few epidemiological studies of asymptomatic chlamydial infection among students in non-medical settings with minimal bias and improved accuracy; thus, useful data from screening limited. We aimed to obtain accurate information about settings. A population-based cross-sectional survey 10,440 ≥18-year-old who volunteered for a urine test chlamydia was conducted. The prevalences were 9.5% women 6.7% men. Multivariate analysis revealed the risk factors be lifetime history ≥4 sexual...

Habitat connectivity is considered to have an important role on the persistence of populations in face habitat fragmentation, particular, for species with conservation concern. However, it can also impose indirect negative effects native through spread invasive species. Here, we investigated direct and bullfrogs wrinkled frogs how these are modified by presence common carp, a resident shared predator, farm pond system Japan. The distribution pattern analysis using hierarchical Bayesian...

Abstract Food–web complexity often hinders disentangling functionally relevant aspects of food–web structure and its relationships to biodiversity. Here, we present a theoretical framework evaluate in terms Food network unfolding is method transform complex food web into linear chain based on ecosystem processes. Based this method, can define three biodiversity indices, horizontal diversity ( D H ), vertical V ) range R which are associated with the species within each trophic level, levels,...

The microbial community is viewed as a network of diverse microorganisms connected by various interspecific interactions. While the stress gradient hypothesis (SGH) predicts that positive interactions are favored in more stressful environments, prediction has been less explored complex communities due to challenges identifying Here, applying nonlinear time series analysis amplicon-based diversity data soil microbiota cultured under (30°C) or (37°C) temperature conditions, we show how...

Abstract A long‐standing interest in ecology and wildlife management is to find drivers of population dynamics because it crucial for implementing the effective management. Recent studies have demonstrated usefulness state‐space modeling this purpose, but we often confront lack necessary time‐series data. This particularly common limited funds or early stage data collection. In study, proposed a Bayesian model averaging technique framework identifying from To exemplify utility management,...

Indirect measures of abundance are essential for evaluating temporal and spatial trends in animal populations under hunting pressure hence the impact on population stock. Recently, harvest‐based estimation has received attention due to its capacity estimate size, mortality growth parameters based responses indirect pressure. Although harvest size is a widely used statistic game animals validity as an measure been intensively investigated, applicability rarely studied. In this study, we...

Abstract The electrical potential of the mycelia a cord-forming wood decay fungus, Pholiota brunnescens , was monitored for over 100 days on plain agar plate during colonization onto bait. Causality analyses at different locations mycelium revealed clear and stable causal relationship with directional flow from hyphae bait location to other parts mycelium. However, this causality disappeared after 60 incubation, coinciding onset slow oscillation location, which occurred one week per cycle....

A cDNA encoding a novel rat mast-cell proteinase (MCP) named rMCP-3 was successfully cloned and sequenced from the peritoneal cells of Lewis rats infected with intestinal nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis by using combination reverse transcription-PCR rapid-amplification-of-cDNA-ends (‘RACE’) methods. The 979 bp long included 741 open reading frame. When deduced amino acid sequence compared those other known proteinases, considered to be translated as preproenzyme 19-amino-acid signal...

PURPOSE: Previous research shows that squirrel monkeys have two different strategies for facial recognition in the individual discrimination of their own species and those other species: one strategy is similar to humans, while specific monkeys. But it unclear whether use same between faces species. This question we explore this research. METHOD: Subjects were The stimuli which unfamiliar subjects. In training phase, subjects trained discriminate monkey human so as achieve a performance 80%...

Abstract Pine wilt disease ( PWD ) invaded southern Japan in the early 1900s and has gradually expanded its range to northern Honshu (Japanese mainland). The is caused by a pathogenic North American nematode, which transmitted native pine sawyer beetles. Recently, other portions of East Asia Europe where extensive mortality host pines anticipated resemble historical patterns seen Japan. There critical need identify main drivers invasion spread so as predict future evaluate containment...

Dispersal as well population growth is a key demographic process that determines dynamics. However, determining the effects of environmental covariates on dispersal from spatial-temporal abundance proxy data challenging owing to complexity model specification for directional permeability and extremely high computational loads numerical integration. In this paper, we present case study estimating how affect Japanese sika deer by developing spatially explicit state-space matrix coupled with an...