Inflammation plays a critical role in cancer progression. In this study we investigate the pro-tumorigenic activities and gene expression profiles of lung cells after interaction with macrophages.We measured intratumoral microvessel counts macrophage density 41 tumor specimens correlated these patients' clinical outcome. The between macrophages cell lines was assessed using transwell coculture system. invasive potential evaluated by vitro invasion assay. matrix-degrading activity assayed...

Tight junctions between Sertoli cells of the testicular seminiferous epithelium establishes blood-testis barrier (BTB) and creates a specialized adluminal microenvironment above BTB that is required for development germ reside there. Actin filament-based anchoring are important maintaining close physical contact these as well regulating release mature spermatids into lumen. Previously, we reported cell injury in rodents after mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) exposure results activation...

Curcumin has been reported to exhibit anti-invasive and/or antimetastatic activities, but the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, microarray analysis of gene expression profiles were used characterize mechanisms curcumin in highly invasive lung adenocarcinoma cells (CL1-5). Results showed that significantly reduces capacity CL1-5 a concentration range far below its levels cytotoxicity (20 μM) and effect was dependent (10.17 ± 0.76 × 10³ at 0 μM; 5.67 1.53 1 2.67 0.58 5 1.15...

Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP)-induced Sertoli cell injury in peripubertal rodents results the stimulation of germ apoptosis through an interaction FAS/FASL between these two types. During this period, early spike incidence occurs during first wave spermatogenesis and is essential for development functional adults. Our previous observations revealed that soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha (sTNFA) released by cells after MEHP exposure consequently resulted a robust induction FASL...

Abstract The effect of activation and overexpression the nuclear receptor PPAR-β/δ in human MDA-MB-231 (estrogen receptor–negative; ER−) MCF7 (estrogen-receptor-positive; ER+) breast cancer cell lines was examined. Target gene induction by ligand increased compared with controls. Overexpression caused a decrease proliferation cells controls, whereas further inhibited but not cells. and/or or had no on experimental apoptosis. Decreased clonogenicity observed both overexpressing response to as...

Effective treatments and animal models for the most prevalent neurodegenerative form of blindness in elderly people, called age-related macular degeneration (AMD), are lacking. Genome-wide association studies have identified lipid metabolism inflammation as AMD-associated pathogenic pathways. Given liver X receptors (LXRs), encoded by nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H members 2 3 (NR1H3 NR1H2), master regulators these pathways, herein we investigated role LXR human mouse eyes a function...

The Fas/FasL signaling pathway has previously been demonstrated to be critical for triggering germ cell apoptosis in response mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP)-induced Sertoli injury. Although cells ubiquitously express the FasL protein, MEHP-induced appears tightly correlate with increased levels of FasL. Here we characterize transcriptional regulation murine gene after MEHP exposure. A serial deletion strategy 1.5 kb 5'-upstream activating sequence promoter was used determine activity...

Low cell selectivity and uptake coupled with endosomal entrapment pose critical hurdles for intracellular delivery clinical translation of therapeutic proteins. Herein, we report that smart polymersomes dually functionalized cRGD fusogenic GALA peptides (cRGD/GALA-Ps) enable ανβ3-specific high-efficiency cytosolic cytochrome C (CC), a model apoptotic protein, to A549 human lung cancer cells. cRGD/GALA-Ps was prepared 20 mol % varying contents from 2 4 6 via coassembly PEG-b-poly(trimethylene...

Testicular dysgenesis syndrome refers to a collection of diseases in men, including testicular cancer, that arise as result abnormal development. Phthalates are class chemicals used widely the production plastic products and other consumer goods. Unfortunately, phthalate exposure has been linked reproductive dysfunction shown adversely affect normal germ cell In this study, we show mono-(2-ethylhexyl) (MEHP) induces matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) expression embryonal carcinoma NT2/D1...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ (PPARβ/δ) is a nuclear receptor that regulates differentiation, inflammation, lipid metabolism, extracellular matrix remodeling, and angiogenesis in multiple tissues. These pathways are also central to the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), leading cause vision loss globally. With goal identifying signaling may be important development AMD, we investigated impact PPARβ/δ activation on ocular tissues affected disease....

Phenotypic variations in the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) layer are often a predecessor and driver of ocular degenerative diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), leading cause vision loss elderly. We previously identified orphan nuclear receptor-related 1 (NURR1), from receptor atlas human RPE cells, candidate transcription factor potentially involved AMD development progression. In present study we characterized expression NURR1 function age cells harvested donor eyes...

FasL (TNFSF6, CD95L) is hypothesized to trigger testicular germ cell apoptosis that normally occurs during a distinct peripubertal period as well in response toxicant-induced Sertoli injury. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the testis of gene–deficient mice (FasL−/−) at two developmental ages (postnatal day [PND] 28 and 44) after Testicular cross sections from (PND 28) FasL−/− showed significant increases basal apoptotic index (AI; 20.58 ± 4.59) compared C57BL/6J wild-type (5.16 0.08)...

We had previously demonstrated that lung cancer cells, upon contact with macrophages, could be induced to secrete angiogenic factors promote tumor angiogenesis. In this study, we focused on the paracrine and autocrine regulation of interleukin (IL)-8 expression in sensitized cells after interacting macrophages. found IL-8 mRNA significantly increased coculture phorbol myristate acetate-treated THP-1 human primary Fresh CL1-5 cocultured macrophage-sensitized still a 35% increase expression....

Neuroblastoma is a common childhood cancer typically treated by inducing differentiation with retinoic acid (RA). Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐β/δ, (PPARβ/δ) known to promote terminal of many cell types. In the present study, PPARβ/δ was over‐expressed in three human neuroblastoma lines, NGP, SK‐N‐BE(2), and IMR‐32, that exhibit high, medium, low sensitivity, respectively, acid‐induced determine if receptors (RARs) could be jointly targeted increase efficacy treatment. All‐...

Our previous studies showed that the prototypical testicular toxic phthalate monoester, mono-(2-ethylhexyl) (MEHP), suppresses Sertoli cell TIMP2 levels and allows for activation of MMP2 in seminiferous epithelium. Activation is important triggering germ apoptosis instigating detachment from cells. These novel findings led us to examine transcriptional regulation Timp2 gene accounts decrease following MEHP exposure. Sequential deletion 5'-upstream activating sequence (1200 bp) was used...

The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ (PPARβ/δ) in cancer remains contentious due large part to divergent publications indicating opposing effects different rodent and human cell culture models. During the past 10 years, some facts regarding PPARβ/δ have become clearer, while others remain uncertain. For example, it is now well accepted that (1) expression relatively lower most tumors as compared corresponding non-transformed tissue, (2) promotes terminal...

Skin tumorigenesis results from DNA damage, increased inflammation, and evasion of apoptosis. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) can modulate these mechanisms in non-melanoma skin cancer. However, limited data exists regarding the role PPARs melanoma. This study examined effect receptor-β/δ (PPARβ/δ) PPARγ on cell proliferation, anchorage-dependent clonogenicity, ectopic xenografts UACC903 human melanoma line. Stable overexpression either PPARβ/δ or enhanced...

Sporamin, a sweet potato tuberous storage protein, has trypsin inhibitory activity. Sequence comparison with other plant inhibitors (TIs) of the Kunitz family reveals that, instead conserved Arg or Lys found in TIs, sporamin contains negatively charged residue (Asp70 Glu72) at P1 reactive site. Using site‐directed mutagenesis, six mutants were generated containing substitutions site and one disulfide bonds, recombinant proteins assayed for TI Mutants Asp70Val Glu72Arg to have only 2–3%...

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor with an extremely poor prognosis. Minichromosome maintenance 8 homologous recombination repair factor (MCM8) helicase involved in the elongation step of DNA replication and tumorigenesis. In present study, clinical significance biological function MCM8 CCA were investigated. The expression levels paracancerous tissues analyzed using immunohistochemical staining. potential mechanisms underlying effects cells explored <em>in...

Abstract Background Theophylline has been used widely as a bronchodilator for the treatment of bronchial asthma and suggested to modulate immune response. While importance macrophages in reappraised emphasized, their significance not well investigated. We conducted genome-wide profiling gene expressions response theophylline. Methods Microarray technology was profile expression patterns modulated by Northern blot real-time quantitative RT-PCR were also validate microarray data, while Western...