This study examined associations between adverse childhood family experiences and adult physical health using data from 52,250 U.S. adults aged 18 to 64 the 2009 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. We found that experiencing physical, verbal, or sexual abuse, witnessing parental domestic violence, divorce, living with someone who was depressed, abused drugs alcohol, had been incarcerated were associated one more of following outcomes: self-rated health, functional limitations,...

This study examines differences in prescription opioid misuse (POM) among adolescents rural, small urban, and large urban areas of the United States identifies several individual, social, community risk factors contributing to those differences.

• Trump's rural advantage contributed to his Presidential election victory, but it was not sufficient swing the election. average over-performance higher in more economically-, socially-, and health-distressed counties. Trump performed better counties with economic distress, poor health, low educational attainment, high divorce rates. Localized economic, social, health distress were salient contributors 2016 outcome.

The unique health and aging challenges of rural populations often go unnoticed. In fact, the United States is home to disproportionate shares older sicker people, there are large growing rural-urban within-rural mortality disparities, many communities in population decline, racial/ethnic diversity increasing.Yet not monolithic, although some places characterized by declining health, others have seen improvements health. We draw on these realities call for new research five areas.First,...

Abstract Purpose COVID‐19 mortality rates are higher in rural versus urban areas the United States, threatening to exacerbate existing penalty. To save lives and facilitate economic recovery, we must achieve widespread vaccination coverage. This study compared adult across US rural‐urban continuum different types of counties. Methods We retrieved as August 11, 2021, for adults aged 18+ 2,869 counties which data were available from CDC. merged these with county‐level on demographic...

This study compared the average daily increase in COVID-19 mortality rates by county racial/ethnic composition (percent non-Hispanic Black and percent Hispanic) among US rural counties.COVID-19 death counts for 1,976 nonmetropolitan counties period March 2-July 26, 2020, were extracted from USAFacts merged with county-level American Community Survey Area Health Resource File data. Covariates included poverty, age composition, adjacency to a metropolitan county, health care supply, state...

Objectives. To examine associations of county-level demographic, socioeconomic, and labor market characteristics on overall drug mortality rates specific classes opioid mortality. Methods. We used National Vital Statistics System data (2002–2004 2014–2016) US Census data. examined between several census variables deaths for 2014 to 2016. then identified counties characterized by different levels growth in from types 2002 2004 ran multivariate multivariable regression models predict...

Abstract The rapid increase of fatal opioid overdoses over the past two decades is a major U.S. public health problem, especially in non‐metropolitan communities. crisis has transitioned from pharmaceuticals to illicit synthetic opioids and street mixtures, urban areas. Using latent profile analysis, we classify n = 3,079 counties into distinct classes using CDC overdose rates for specific 2002–2004, 2008–2012, 2014–2016. We identify three epidemics (prescription opioids, heroin,...

This article investigates the effects of social cohesion, support, control, and active local community participation on neighborhood satisfaction among individuals living in Los Angeles County. Utilizing LAFANS dataset proportional odds regression models, authors find that net individual demographic socioeconomic status, perceptions control are associated with greater levels satisfaction, whereas support have no effect satisfaction. Furthermore, formal involvement one’s is only certain...

Childhood adversity is a well-established risk factor for mental health problems during adolescence. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study latent class analysis (LCA), we examined patterns of exposure to ten adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including socioeconomic adversity, among non-Hispanic (NH) White, NH Black, Hispanic 9 year olds determined associations between membership in ACE "classes" depression anxiety scores at age 15 (N = 2849). Parental...

The rise in working-age mortality rates the United States recent decades largely reflects stalled declines cardiovascular disease (CVD) alongside rising from alcohol-induced causes, suicide, and drug poisoning; it has been especially severe some U.S. states. Building on work, this study examined whether state policy contexts may be a central explanation. We modeled associations between policies during 1999 to 2019. used annual data 1999–2019 National Vital Statistics System calculate...

Mortality rates from drug poisoning, suicide, alcohol, and homicide vary significantly across the United States. This study explores localized relationships (i.e., geographically specific associations) between county-level economic household distress mortality these causes among working-age adults (25-64).

This article investigates the individual and contextual roles of race on welfare sanctions: benefit cuts for failing to comply with work or other behavioral requirements under Temporary Assistance Needy Families program. Using six years federal administrative data, I advance previous research by providing a nationally representative analysis participant-, county-, state-level predictors sanctioning. theories racial classification, racialized social systems, threat as guiding frameworks, find...

The Great Recession of 2007-2009 was the most severe and lengthy economic crisis in US since Depression 1930s. impacts on population were multi-dimensional, but operated largely through local labor markets.

The relationship between physical education (PE) policies and children's PE recess time is not well understood.The purpose of this study to assess the association district school policies, environment, time.Key informants in 65 schools from 9 states completed instruments assessing recess.Few significant associations were found or minutes; no associated with both. A number environmental variables both recess.PE their implementation, can have important implications for time. Some environment...

Abstract Hispanics have the lowest health insurance rates of any racial or ethnic group, but vary significantly across United States. The unprecedented growth Hispanic population since 1990 in rural areas with previously small nonexistent populations raises questions about disparities access to coverage. Identifying spatial can illuminate specific contexts within which are least likely care and inform policy approaches for increasing coverage different contexts. Using county‐level data from...

This study investigates rural-urban differences in COVID-19 terms of its impacts on the physical and mental health, social relationships, employment, financial hardship U.S. working-age adults (18-64). I use data from National Wellbeing Survey collected February March 2021 (N=3,933). Most respondents (58 percent) reported that has had a negative impact their lives. Residents rural counties adjacent to metro areas worst outcomes: they were more likely than residents large urban report...

This study demonstrates the importance of social context to networks vital business success. Results from analyses personal and characteristics associated with different types networks, a topic that has been neglected in past research, show structural perspectives emphasizing women men same situations have similar networks. Yet there are some network differences even among these who operate kinds businesses. suggests insights gender construction should be integrated into other inequality studies.