New accurate values of the imaginary part, k, refractive index water at T = 22 °C, supercooled -8 °C and polycrystalline ice -25 are reported. The k spectrum for in spectral region 0.65-2.5 µm is found to be excellent agreement with those previous studies. 1.44-2.50-µm eliminate large uncertainties existing among previously published conflicting sets data. part shows a systematic shift absorption peaks toward longer wavelengths compared that warmer temperatures.

ABSTRACT Problem: Previous studies identified nonuniformity in the irradiance at tip end of a variety dental light‐curing units (LCUs) and correlated those differences with potential clinical implications, but spectral dependence uniformity has not yet been addressed. Purpose: This study examined across emitting tips LCUs two emission wavelengths, 405 460 nm. Two broadband light (quartz‐tungsten‐halogen [QTH] plasma arc [PAC]), four commercial light‐emitting diode (LED)‐type were examined....

ABSTRACT Problem: The irradiance from dental light‐curing units (LCUs) is commonly reported as a single number, but this number does not properly describe the light output. Purpose: This study examined uniformity and distribution variety of LCUs well effect different guides. Materials Methods: Five representing quartz‐tungsten‐halogen, plasma arc, emitting diode were evaluated. One LCU was evaluated using two guides (Standard or Turbo style). total power emitted each measured calculated...

To determine the effects of tooth brushing on five bulk-fill resin based composites (RBCs).Ten samples Filtek Supreme Enamel (control), One Bulk Fill, Tetric EvoCeram SonicFill 2, SDR flow+, and Admira Fusion X-tra were light cured for 20 seconds using Valo Grand curing light. After 24 hours storage in air at 37°C, specimens brushed a random order Colgate OpticWhite dentifrice soft toothbrush. Surface gloss was measured prior to brushing, after 5,000, 10,000 15,000 back forth cycles....

This study evaluated the effect of using three commercial light curing units (LCUs) delivering a range irradiance values, but similar radiant exposures on depth cure two different resin-based composites (RBCs).A conventional hybrid RBC (Z100 shade A2, 3M ESPE) or bulk fill (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill IVA, Ivoclar Vivadent) was packed into 10-mm deep semicircular metal mold with 2-mm internal radius. The exposed to from plasma-arc-curing (PAC) (Sapphire Plus, DenMat) for five seconds,...

Recently, "budget" dental light-emitting diode (LED)-based light-curing units (LCUs) have become available over the Internet. These LCUs claim equal features and performance compared to from major manufacturers, but at a lower cost. This study examined radiant power, spectral emission, beam irradiance profiles, effective emission ratios, ability of provide sustained output values during lifetime single, fully charged battery. Three examples each budget LCU were purchased Internet (KY-L029A...

This study evaluated the cusp tip deflection of aluminium tooth models with a mesial-occlusal-distal (MOD) cavity filled three bulk-fill resin-based composites (RBCs), Aura Ultra Universal (Aura), Admira Fusion x-tra (Admira), and Filtek One shade A2 (Filtek One), to assess level shrinkage stress they could produce. The were prepared using primer, adhesive single RBC increment photo-cured for 20 s at radiance exitance 1.25 W/cm2. axial strain (ε) (S) also measured. Micro-computed tomography...

Powerful blue-light emitting dental curing lights are used in offices to photocure resins the mouth. In addition, many personnel use magnification loupes. This study measured effect of loupes on "blue light hazard" when from a was reflected off human tooth. Loupes with 3.5x (Design for Vision, Carl Zeiss, and Quality Aspirator) 2.5x Vision were placed at entrance an integrating sphere connected spectrometer (USB 4000, Ocean Optics). A model teeth 40 cm away line this sphere. The guide tip...

We compare the degradation of InAs/GaAs quantum well (QW) and dot (QD) laser diodes following irradiation by high energy (8.56 MeV) phosphorous ions. Over a fluence range 108–1011 ions/cm2, low temperature QD photoluminescence electroluminescence emission is greatly suppressed relative to that QW based devices (×100 ×1000, respectively at highest dose studied). Irradiated demonstrated lasing action over entire fluences, 2 orders magnitude beyond maximum sustainable devices. The improved...

Low-noise, high-resolution, far-infrared absorption spectra of free excitons in silicon are presented as a function temperature. A complex thermalizing structure is revealed, resolving for the first time electron-hole exchange splitting an indirect-free-exciton ground state. remarkable simplification spectrum achieved with uniaxial stress. The relative intensities transitions suggest that existing model free-exciton excited-state may be flawed, and alternate scheme proposed.

New accurate values of the imaginary part refractive index k polycrystalline ice at T = -22 °C are reported. The spectrum in 1.43-2.89-µm region was found to be excellent agreement with most recent study, and data 3.35-7.81-µm range eliminate large existing uncertainty 3.5-4.3-µm region.