Background Immersive virtual reality (IVR) presents new possibilities for application in health care. Health care professionals can now immerse their patients environments to achieve exposure a specific scene or experience, evoke targeted emotional responses, inspire, distract from an experience occurring reality. Objective This review aimed identify patient-focused applications head-mounted IVR acute treatment of conditions and determine the technical specifications systems used. Methods A...

Building systems that are good for society in the face of complex societal effects requires a dynamic approach. Recent approaches to machine learning (ML) documentation have demonstrated promise discursive frameworks deliberation about these complexities. However, developments been grounded static ML paradigm, leaving role feedback and post-deployment performance unexamined. Meanwhile, recent work reinforcement has shown optimization objectives on system behavior can be wide-ranging...

This paper charts the emergence of a distinct category research-dedicated GenAI platforms, which we term Research or RGAI. These platforms are explicitly marketed to cross-disciplinary academic audience, promising automate research discovery and writing tasks, such as identifying/summarising published research, literature reviews, conducting data analysis, synthesising findings. RGAI (e.g., Consensus, Elicit, Rabbit, Scholarcy, Scite, SciSpace) rapidly being adopted, in context...

Objective: To present a framework for responsible implementation and evaluation of AI Agents in clinical service delivery, focusing on their potential to enhance healthcare efficiency, improve diagnostic accuracy, personalize patient care.Materials Methods: We outline six-part developing agents, including foundation model selection, adaptation domain, integration with third-party tools, hosting infrastructure details, software stack design, data security privacy considerations, performance...

Abstract A versatile “Spray‐n‐Sense” sprayable nanofiber technology for on‐site chemical detection is demonstrated. Driven by compressed gas, the nanofibers, as name suggests, can be directly sprayed onto any kind or shape of surfaces, while embedded reporter enables simple colorimetric/fluorometric detection. Herein, nanofibers are on several surfaces including cardboard, glass, plastic, and rubber. The sensing capabilities established through three different analytes two metal ions (Fe 2+...

A spate of recent accidents and a lawsuit involving Tesla's 'self-driving' cars highlights the growing need for meaningful accountability when harms are caused by AI systems. Tort (or civil liability) lawsuits one important way victims to redress such harms. The prospect tort liability may also prompt developers take better precautions against safety risks. claims all kinds will be hindered opacity: difficulty determining how why complex systems make decisions. We address this problem...

Abstract Introduction High rates of tobacco smoking among people who are homeless or living in temporary accommodation exacerbate poor health outcomes and financial disadvantage. There is limited research on this population's perceptions cessation benefits support strategies. Methods We conducted a cross‐sectional survey 68 male smokers hostel Brisbane, Australia. The measured quit attempt history, aids cessation, awareness the Intensive Quit Support program—a free Queensland...

We provide new perspectives and inference algorithms for Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL), which provides a principled method to find most non-committal reward function consistent with given expert demonstrations, among many functions. first present generalized MaxEnt formulation based on minimizing KL-divergence instead of maximizing an entropy. This improves the previous heuristic derivation IRL model (for stochastic MDPs), allows unified view Relative IRL,...

Non-attendance (NA) causes additional burden on the outpatient services due to clinician time and other resources being wasted, it lengthens wait lists for patients. Telehealth, delivery of health remotely using digital technologies, is one promising approach accommodate patient needs while offering more flexibility in services. However, there limited evidence about whether telehealth consults as an option can change NA rates, or preferences hospital outpatients compared in-person consults....

Generic `toxicity' classifiers continue to be used for evaluating the potential harm in natural language generation, despite mounting evidence of their shortcomings. We consider challenge measuring misogyny and argue that generic are inadequate this task. use data from two well-characterised `Incel' communities on Reddit differ primarily degrees construct a pair training corpora which we fine-tune models. show an open source classifier is unable distinguish meaningfully between generations...

Building systems that are good for society in the face of complex societal effects requires a dynamic approach. Recent approaches to machine learning (ML) documentation have demonstrated promise discursive frameworks deliberation about these complexities. However, developments been grounded static ML paradigm, leaving role feedback and post-deployment performance unexamined. Meanwhile, recent work reinforcement has shown optimization objectives on system behavior can be wide-ranging...

Motion capture has the potential to shed light on topical drug delivery application. This approach holds promise both as a training tool, and for development of skin technology, but first, this requires validation. Elongated microparticles (EMP) are physical enhancement technology that relies user working in using textured applicator. We used test hypothesis motion data can be characterize application process. was record participants while applying mixture EMP sodium fluorescein ex-vivo...

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) will have a transformative impact on society. Beyond the local safety and efficiency of individual vehicles, these effects also change how people interact with entire transportation system. This generate diverse range large foreseeable social outcomes, as well those outcomes are distributed. However, ability to control both behavior AVs overall flow traffic provides new affordances that permit effects. comprises problem sociotechnical specification: need distinguish...

Multiple-Intent Inverse Reinforcement Learning (MI-IRL) seeks to find a reward function ensemble rationalize demonstrations of different but unlabelled intents. Within the popular expectation maximization (EM) framework for learning probabilistic MI-IRL models, we present warm-start strategy based on up-front clustering in feature space. Our theoretical analysis shows that this solution produces near-optimal ensemble, provided behavior modes satisfy mild separation conditions. We also...

Supervised machine learning models offer great promise for the prediction of legal case outcomes; however, thus-far these methods have seen limited adoption due to several unique socio-technical challenges posed by domain. The well-documented issue algorithmic aversion profession and public poses a substantial socio-legal barrier. Meanwhile on technical side, many tasks are difficult frame in ways amenable inherent nature law: statute precedents often intentionally vague afford flexibility...