A5087102745- Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
- Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies
- Polyamine Metabolism and Applications
- Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
- Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management
- Chemical Safety and Risk Management
- Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior
- Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Occupational and environmental lung diseases
- Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
- Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Effects
- Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
- Occupational Health and Safety Research
- Peripheral Artery Disease Management
- Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
- Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
University of Stirling
2024
Yazd University
2023
Central China Normal University
2023
University of Dundee
2023
Central South University
2023
El Camino College
2023
Hebei University
2023
University of Liverpool
1998-2021
University of Worcester
2021
Institute of Life Sciences
2021
It is commonly held that the major functional features of human foot (e.g. a longitudinal medial arch, lateral to force transfer and hallucal (big-toe) push-off) appear only in last 2 Myr, but interpretations footbones footprints early ancestors (hominins) prior million years ago (Mya) remain contradictory. Pixel-wise topographical statistical analysis Laetoli footprint morphology, compared with results from experimental studies formation; foot-pressure measurements bipedalism humans...
Epidemiological and modelling studies suggest that elimination of Onchocerca volvulus transmission (EoT) throughout Africa may not be achievable with annual mass drug administration (MDA) ivermectin alone, particularly in areas high endemicity vector density.Single-dose Phase II III clinical trials demonstrated moxidectin's superiority over for prolonged clearance O. microfilariae.We used the stochastic, individual-based EPIONCHO-IBM model to compare probabilities reaching EoT between...
Abstract We present quantitative data on the hindlimb musculature of Pan paniscus , Gorilla gorilla graueri Pongo pygmaeus abelii and Hylobates lar discuss findings in relation to locomotor habits each. Muscle mass fascicle length were obtained for all major muscles. Physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA) was estimated. Data normalized assuming geometric similarity allow comparison animals different size/species. scaled closely (body mass) 1.0 0.3 most species. However, human muscles...
The plantar aponeurosis (PA), in spanning the whole length of aspect foot, is clearly identified as one key structures that likely to affect compliance and stability longitudinal arch. A recent study performed our laboratory showed tension/elongation PA can be predicted from kinematics segments which attached. In present investigation, stereophotogrammetry inverse were employed shed light on mechanics arch its main passive stabilizer, PA, relation walking speed. When compared with a neutral...
Fossil evidence for longitudinal arches in the foot is frequently used to constrain origins of terrestrial bipedality human ancestors. This approach rests on prevailing concept that feet are unique functioning with a relatively stiff lateral mid-foot, lacking significant flexion and high plantar pressures present non-human apes. paradigm has stood more than 70 years but yet be tested objectively quantitative data. Herein, we show pressure records elevated mid-foot occur healthy, habitually...
ABSTRACT We report a Holocene human and animal footprint site from the Namib Sand Sea, south of Walvis Bay, Namibia. Using these data, we explore intratrail variability associated with small variations in substrate properties using “whole foot” analytical technique developed for studies ichnology. demonstrate high levels as result grain size, depositional moisture content, degree sediment disturbance, all which determine bearing capacity substrate. The two principal trails were examined, had...
Footprints are the most direct source of evidence about locomotor biomechanics in extinct vertebrates. One principal suppositions underpinning biomechanical inferences is that footprint geometry correlates with dynamic foot pressure, which, turn, linked overall limb motion trackmaker. In this study, we perform first quantitative test long-standing assumption, using topological statistical analysis plantar pressures and experimental computer-simulated footprints. footprints, relative...
Center of pressure (COP) trajectories summarize the complex mechanical interaction between foot and a contacted surface. Each trajectory itself is also complex, comprising hundreds instantaneous vectors over duration stance phase. To simplify statistical analysis often small number scalars are extracted from each COP trajectory. The purpose this paper was to demonstrate how more objective approach can avoid particular sensitivities scalar extraction analysis. A previously published dataset...
Abstract Flexion/extension moment arms were obtained for the major muscles crossing hip, knee and ankle joints in orang‐utan, gibbon, gorilla (Eastern Western lowland) bonobo . Moment varied with joint motion generally longer proximal limb than distal muscles. The shape of arm curves (i.e. plots against angle) differed different hindlimb same muscle subjects (both ape species). Most increased increasing flexion, a finding which may be understood context employment flexed postures by most...
Abstract The maximum capability of a muscle can be estimated from simple measurements architecture such as belly mass, fascicle length and physiological cross‐sectional area. While the hindlimb anatomy non‐human apes has been studied in some detail, comparative study forelimb across number species never undertaken. Here we present data chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas an orangutan to ascertain if, where, there are functional differences relating their different locomotor repertoires habitat...
Concomitant exposures to arsenic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as benzo[ a ]pyrene (BaP) are widespread. While BaP acts by binding inducing mutations in critical sites on DNA, the mechanism(s) of carcinogenesis remains unknown. Data from epidemiological studies copper smelter workers ingestion drinking water suggest positive interaction for exposure smoking lung cancer. A previous vitro study showed that potentiated formation DNA adducts at low doses arsenic. The present...
During walking, variability in step parameters allows the body to adapt changes substrate or unexpected perturbations that may occur as feet interface with environment. Despite a rich literature describing biomechanical parameters, there are yet no studies consider at body–environment interface. Here, we used pedobarographic statistical parametric mapping (pSPM) and two standard measures of variability, mean square error (m.s.e.) coefficient variation (CV), assess magnitude spatial plantar...
Quantitative, accurate data regarding the inertial properties of body segments are paramount importance when developing musculo-skeletal locomotor models living animals and, by inference, their ancestors. The limited number available primate cadavers, and destructive nature post-mortem, result in such being very rare for primates. This study builds on work Crompton et al. (Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 1996, 99, 547-570) reports gorillas, chimpanzees, orangutans gibbons. Segment mass, centre mass...
A Bayesian network model was developed to integrate diverse types of data conduct an exposure-dose-response assessment for benzene-induced acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The approach used evaluate and compare individual biomarkers quantitatively link the along exposure-disease continuum. perform biomarker-based dose-response analysis, various other approaches analysis were conducted comparison. network-derived benchmark concentration approximately order magnitude lower than that from usual...
As high-throughput technologies in genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics evolve, questions arise about their use the assessment of occupational cancers. To address these questions, National Institute for Occupational Safety Health, Cancer Institute, Environmental Health Sciences, American Chemistry Council sponsored a workshop 8-9 May 2002 Washington, DC. The brought together 80 international specialists whose objective was to identify means best exploiting new enhance methods laboratory...
Recently it has been found that homogenates of Tetrahymena thermophila can hydrolyze the potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors O,O-diisopropylphosphofluoridate (DFP) and O-1,2,2-trimethylpropylmethylphosphonofluoridate (soman). Upon purification DFP hydrolyzing activity 10-fold had noted soman increased only 2-3 fold. Treatment with manganous ion comparison hydrolysis rates homogenate indicated a mixture squid-type Mazur-type DFPases may be present. Subsequent enzymatic activities within...
Recent work using large datasets (>500 records per subject) has demonstrated seemingly high levels of step-to-step variation in peak plantar pressure within human individuals during walking. One intuitive consequence this is that smaller sample sizes (e.g., 10 steps may be quantitatively and qualitatively inaccurate fail to capture the variance seen larger data sets. However, remains unexplored reflecting a lack detailed investigation intra-subject size effects analysis.Here we explore...