Background Exposure to early life stress (ELS) is alarmingly prevalent and has been linked the high rates of depression documented in adolescence. Researchers have theorized that ELS may increase adolescents’ vulnerability or reactivity effects subsequent stressors, placing them at higher risk for developing symptoms depression. Methods We tested this formulation a longitudinal study by assessing levels during COVID-19 pandemic sample adolescents from San Francisco Bay Area ( N = 109; 43...

Abstract Different dimensions of adversity may affect mental health through distinct neurobiological mechanisms, though current supporting evidence consists largely cross-sectional associations between threat or deprivation and fronto-limbic circuitry. In this exploratory three-wave longitudinal study spanning ages 9–19 years, we examined the experiences unpredictability, threat, with development functional connectivity within three brain networks implicated in psychopathology: salience...

Identifying significant predictors of behavioral outcomes is great interest in many psychological studies. Lasso regression, as an alternative to stepwise regression for variable selection, has started gaining traction among psychologists. Yet, further investigation valuable fully understand its performance across various data conditions. Using a Monte Carlo simulation and empirical demonstration, we compared typical datasets varying sample size, predictor sparsity, signal-to-noise ratio. We...

Early life stress (ELS) is associated with increased risk for internalizing disorders and variations in gray matter development. It unclear, however, whether ELS affects normative age-related changes white (WM) morphology, if such maturational differences are psychopathology. We conducted comprehensive interviews a cross-sectional sample of young adolescents (N = 156; 89 F; Ages 9–14) to assess lifetime exposure objective cumulative severity. used diffusion-weighted imaging measure WM...

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic is a unique period of stress, uncertainty, and adversity that will have significant implications for adolescent mental health. Nevertheless, stress related to may be more consequential some adolescents’ health than others. We examined whether heart rate variability (HRV) indicated differential susceptibility difficulties associated with family adversity. Approximately 4 years prior the pandemic, we assessed resting HRV reactivity well-validated paradigm in 87...

Abstract Background Females are at higher risk for developing depression during adolescence than males, particularly exposure to stressors like the COVID‐19 pandemic. Examining structural connections between brain regions involved in executive functioning may advance our understanding of sex biases stress and depression. Here, we examined role cingulum bundle differentiating trajectories depressive symptoms males females across Methods In a longitudinal study 214 youth (121 females; ages...

Abstract Internalizing and externalizing problems that emerge during adolescence differentially increase boys’ girls’ risk for developing psychiatric disorders. It is not clear, however, whether there are sex differences in the intrinsic functional architecture of brain underlie changes severity internalizing adolescents. Using resting-state fMRI data self-reports behavioral obtained from 128 adolescents (73 females; 9–14 years old) at two timepoints, we conducted multivoxel pattern analysis...

Objective Irritability is a common characteristic in ADHD. We examined whether dysfunction neural connections supporting threat and reward processing was related to irritability adolescents young adults with Method used resting-state fMRI assess connectivity of amygdala nucleus accumbens seeds those ADHD ( n = 34) an age- gender-matched typically-developing comparison group 34). Results In ADHD, associated atypical functional both seed regions. Amygdala showed greater right inferior frontal...

Neurophysiological patterns may distinguish which youth are at risk for the well-documented increase in internalizing symptoms during adolescence. Adolescents with problems exhibit altered resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) of brain regions involved socio-affective processing. Whether connectivity-based biotypes differentiate adolescents' levels remains unknown.Sixty-eight adolescents (37 females) reported on their ages 14, 16, and 18 years. A neuroimaging scan was collected age...

Researchers have reported sex-differentiated maturation of white matter (WM) during puberty. It is not clear, however, whether such distinctions contribute to documented sex differences in sensitivity reward and punishment adolescence. Given the role orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) nucleus accumbens (NAcc) punishment-related behaviors, we tested a cross-sectional study males females (N = 156, 89 females; ages 9–14 years) differ association between pubertal stage fixel-based morphometry WM fibers...

Neurobiological measures may inform our understanding of individual differences in adolescents' general risk for and resilience to depressive symptoms, including during the COVID-19 pandemic. We tested a developmental model linking variation amygdala–subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) resting-state connectivity perceived parenting experiences earlier adolescence, concurrent symptoms before pandemic, subsequent used data from longitudinal study that included three waves (N = 214...

Children and families affected by congenital limb deficiencies (CLD) require a unique level of emotional support from diagnosis through to adolescence. The following study aims collect data on Canadian paediatric patients CLD followed at BC Children's Hospital (BCCH), Department Orthopaedics.Parents children with were asked complete written questionnaire examining their experiences. Qualitative quantitative collected concerning parent satisfaction patient referrals, support, knowledge...

Background Suicidal ideation (SI) typically emerges during adolescence but is challenging to predict. Given the potentially lethal consequences of SI, it important identify neurobiological and psychosocial variables explaining severity SI in adolescents. Methods In 106 participants (59 female) recruited from community, we assessed characteristics obtained resting‐state fMRI data early (baseline: aged 9–13 years). Across 250 brain regions, local graph theory‐based properties...

Background Girls’ depressive symptoms typically increase in adolescence, with individual differences course and severity being key risk factors for impaired emotional functioning young adulthood. Given the continued brain white matter (WM) maturation that occurs present study tested whether structural connectivity patterns late adolescence are associated variation of depression symptom throughout adolescence. Method Participants were girls ( N = 115) enrolled a multiyear prospective cohort...

Importance: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and related quarantine ("shelter-in-place") isolation ("social distancing") policies, is posing a significant challenge to mental health. Stress experienced during childhood may cause sustained neurobiological changes that increase sensitivity future stressors, thereby increasing risk for developing depression the pandemic. Objective: We tested whether perceived stress significantly mediated association between severity of early life (ELS) symptoms...

Background: Exposure to early life stress (ELS) is alarmingly prevalent, and has been linked the high rates of depression documented in adolescence. Researchers have theorized that ELS may increase adolescents’ vulnerability or reactivity effects subsequent stressors, placing them at higher risk for developing symptoms depression. Methods: We tested this formulation a longitudinal study by assessing levels during COVID-19 pandemic sample adolescents from San Francisco Bay Area (N=100; 43...