To have uninterrupted wireless connectivity, higher throughput, and latency rate down to nanoseconds; future networks will rely heavily on frequency bands, yet these signals suffer from attenuation can be easily blocked by objects.Hence, those lose strength over longer distances significantly compared their low-frequency counterparts.To overcome constraints, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) increase the network capacity coverage consciously altering propagation environment, which...

The measurements reported in this work demonstrate the ability to extend localization range of low-powered RFID tags distances usually not achievable with conventional technology. ranging technique is performed through Frequency Domain Phase Difference Of Arrival (FD-PDOA) method on a 5.8 GHz Tunneling Tag, both multipath-rich indoor environment and outdoor, at up 15 meters from reader. Range estimation errors as low 1.95% were observed, moreover, an EIRP only 10.5 dBm, biasing power for Tag...

Some promising technologies such as Internet-of-things (IoT) communicate by means of backscattered power to minimize consumption. In backscatter-based communications, the fading a signal envelope is, in general, worse than that standard one-way communications. To concisely study backscatter channels, we-in this paper-summarize theory spatial channels addition derive an analytical expression for Rician K-factor case monostatic configurations. Furthermore, we rely on bit-error-rate (BER)...

Object localization is one of the most important applications RFID technology. In this paper, we demonstrate how fine-scale orientation can be estimated from a multi-antenna backscatter tag. Three basic changes - tag roll, pitch and yaw were considered, where roll maneuvers successfully identified direction phase rotation. Moreover, an inclination 5° in was by measuring difference with 15% 8% error respectively. The analysis extended to any amount inclination.

This work demonstrates the ability to extend positioning range of low-powered RFID tags distances usually not achievable with other wireless or conventional technologies. The technique is performed through a Received Signal Phase (RSP)-based method on 5.8 GHz backscatter tunneling tag, in multipath-rich indoor and outdoor environments, at up 35 meters from reader. Distance errors as low 0.1% total reader-to-tag distance were observed average 0.8% 0.6% for respectively. Compared Strength...

The recent success in implementing supervised learning to classify modulation types suggests that other problems akin classification would eventually benefit from implementation. One of these is classifying the interference type added a signal-of-interest, also known as classification. In this paper, we propose an interference-classification method using deep neural network. We generate six distinct interfering signals then use both power-spectral density (PSD) and cyclic spectrum received...

The round-trip nature of backscatter communications subjects the radio link to unusually severe small-scale fading. Over fading channels, received signal envelope in backscatter-based systems such as radio-frequency identification (RFID) fades worse than a standard one-way communication. In this paper, we study spatial an important class using retrodirective transponders that allow microwave and mm-wave at extraordinarily low-power consumption by RF tag. Our comparative shows use tags...

Movement towards mm-wave backscatter communications in radio-frequency identification (RFID) systems necessitates seeking designs that compensate for the path loss introduced by radio channel. A viable, simple, and power-efficient solution is to equip RFID tags with retrodirective arrays, which guarantee reflection maximal gain direction of incidence. In this paper, we design implement an original tag its feeding network a properly-terminated rat-race coupler. We start deriving required...

Movement toward mm-wave backscatter communications in radio-frequency identification (RFID) systems necessitates seeking designs that compensate for the path loss introduced by radio channel. A viable, simple, and power-efficient solution is to equip RFID tags with retrodirective arrays, which guarantee reflection maximal gain direction of incidence. In this paper, we build upon a previous work design implement an original tag its feeding network properly terminated rat-race coupler. We...

This article summarizes the history and present state of IEEE Council on Radio-Frequency Identification (CRFID). The aim, scope, achievement CRFID technical & academic activities, publications, membership services education are highlighted, with focus how commits grows resources to achieve its goals for communities. also provides vision path council's future, this path, is broadening technological frontiers IoT, Blockchain, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), Social (CPSS), Digital Twins, Parallel...

In two-dimensional direction of arrival (2D-DOA) estimation, planar arrays can estimate the elevation and azimuth angles simultaneously. However, many array topologies such as billboard, L-shaped, T-shaped, 2D nested suffer from mutual coupling that results small separation between physical sensors (antennas), which limits estimation capability sensor array. an attempt to reduce sensors, this article proposes sparse billboard T-shaped in number closely separated is significantly reduced....

Short ranges and limited field-of-views in semi-passive radio frequency identification (RFID) tags are the most prominent obstacles that limit number of RFID applications relying on backscatter modulation to exchange data between a reader tag. We propose retrodirective array structure that, if equipped tag, can increase field-of-view coverage area systems by making tag insensitive its orientation with respect one or more readers. In this article, we derive experimentally validate conditions...

This paper presents the effects of partitioning scattering arrays with specific attention to retrodirective structures. By segmenting large arrays, total data transmission can be drastically increased while severely reducing design concerns associated feed networks. The behavior partitioned is observed and quantified from link budget, information theory, time-varying beam-forming perspectives. A device measured it's characteristics used simulate when as a module in pseudo-retrodirective...

Recently, retrodirective arrays-which reflect the impinging electromagnetic waves back towards direction of incidence with maximal gain-are gaining considerable attention in backscatter-based communications; especially, backscattering at upper microwave and millimeter wave frequencies for low-powered sensing systems. To further investigate this class arrays, we-in paper-conduct several experiments that compare differential radar cross section (RCS) two coupler-based arrays a single antenna....

Abstract This manuscript introduces the development of stochastic Sumudu transform theory Itô type for calculus. We employ integration by parts method to achieve this. The purpose is solve differential equations and establish a solving them using integral transforms. Furthermore, we derive transforms commonly used functions in equations. These findings will contribute enhancement literature on have practical applications fields such as applied mathematics finance. Additionally, provide...

Simple, low-power, reliable backscatter communication systems must overcome the severe, double-fading nature of channel. In this article, we show experimentally that when a conventional transponder is replaced by retrodirective in systems, those deep fading nulls are reduced as much two orders-of-magnitude. We consider three multipath scenarios all which pronounced link-reliability improvement with compared to its standard non-retrodirective counterpart. The measurements also reveal...

This paper presents a new technique for suppressing specular reflection using binary reflective surfaces (such as those easily fabricated on printed circuit board)that maximally suppress mean currents the reflector theory of perfect pulses. We simulate multiple versions (or orders)of these structures to characterize nulling depth and manufacturing tolerance designs. In addition, we run another set simulations function direction incidence. The simulation reveals that from proposed is at least...

The growing interest in backscatter communications as a low-powered solution various fields necessitates pushing the envelope of current systems multiple frontiers, among which is spectral efficiency. increase efficiency can drive real-time applications such augmented reality. In most backscatter-system radio-frequency identification, modulation implemented using binary schemes realized with square pulses, are not efficient. To address concern, this article reviews—with scope limited to...

This work presents the design and simulation of holographic reflectarrays made up circular patches for wireless power transfer (WPT) in Fresnel region. We simulate efficient focusing at 5.8 GHz a 1.216m square reflectarray focal distance 10m. The example is particularly well-suited to microwave space, where ratio aperture-to-mass must be maximized.

The recent success in implementing supervised learning to classify modulation types suggests that other problems akin classification would eventually benefit from implementation. One of these is classifying the interference type added a signal-of-interest, also known as classification. In this paper, we propose an method using deep neural network. We generate five distinct interfering signals then use both power-spectral density (PSD) and cyclic spectrum received signal input features...

Backscatter radio communication typically has less reliability than conventional links, hindering adaptation. Retrodirective arrays have been shown to enhance the link with gain and a recently-observed resistance small-scale fading. However, statistical advantages of retrodirective backscatter channels only theoretically studied for ideal, infinite arrays. This article studies practical finite performance these using bit-error-rate metric. work shows that significant improvement in channel...