The idea of wireless power transfer (WPT) has been around since the inception electricity. In late 19th century, Nikola Tesla described freedom to energy between two points without need for a physical connection source as an "all-surpassing importance man". A truly device, capable being remotely powered, not only allows obvious movement but also enables devices be more compact by removing necessity large battery. Applications could leverage this reduction in size and weight increase...

Closed-form equations have been developed that calculate the maximum output power and energy-conversion efficiency for an energy-harvesting circuit under power-optimized waveform excitation. The theoretical model predicts how signals with high peak-to-average ratios increase available at low input powers decrease powers. shows agreement to within 0.7 dB ideal simulated components. Additionally, provides a bound realized microwave prototyped 5.8 GHz.

Over the past 30 years, optically transparent conductors have revolutionized electronics in many televisions, smartphones, and solar panels. These are materials that simultaneously allow transmission of light provide electrical conductivity [1]. Transparent conducting films (TCFs), most widely used conductor, utilized smartphone touch screens flat-panel among other devices [2]. Since these deposited thin typically visible spectrum, they can be on aircraft windows to electromagnetic...

Power-optimized waveforms (POWs) have been shown to increase the power-conversion efficiency in energy harvesting circuits. This paper is first attempt study effects of a POW on these circuits and determine how its design can affect circuit performance. As an example, 5.8 GHz single-shunt rectenna was designed investigate variation parameters. It that there optimal range subcarrier spacing maximize gain minimize voltage ripple. Furthermore, relationship between maximum number equal...

Multi-antenna techniques are typically avoided in passive RFID because of the large footprints required. However, smaller required at microwave frequencies such as 5.8 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band allow use multiple antennas. Two new multi-antenna technologies featured this paper to provide power communications a wireless tag ISM band. A four-layer FR-4 PCB is presented, which uses staggered-pattern charge collector (SPCC) retrodirective array phase modulator (RAPM). An...

A common electrophysiology technique used in neuroscience is patch clamp: a method which glass pipette electrode facilitates single cell electrical recordings from neurons. Typically, clamp done manually an electrophysiologist views brain slice under microscope, visually selects neuron to patch, and moves the into close proximity break through seal its membrane. While recent advances field of clamping have enabled partial automation, task detecting healthy neuronal soma acute tissue slices...

This paper discusses how a low-powered RFID tag or sensor mote's backscatter modulation scheme - limited in ways that conventional digital wireless systems are not may be adapted to the peculiar non-white noise properties of receiver's radio frequency electronic chain maximize detection. The analysis and results this enable longer-range operation today's passive, semi-passive tags as well future links operate higher bands.

This paper presents an improvement of the read range, radar cross section (RCS) and reliability radio frequency identification (RFID) tags using multiple antennas. Measurements were performed custom built, semi-passive RFID with co-planar segmented-loop Results show increased range as compared to tag single antenna.

Advancements in manufacturing techniques have enabled the ability to create micro-mesh conductive structures which applications a variety of electrical engineering technologies. This paper presents theoretical analysis verified with simulated results and laboratory measurements 2.4 GHz transmission line over solid ground plane. As expected, reduction area decrease capacitance per unit length, mesh structure an increase inductance length leading overall characteristic impedance length....

SPIE is working with SAE International to develop lidar measurement standards for active safety systems. This multi-year effort aims standard tests measure the performance of low-cost sensors developed autonomous vehicles or advanced driver assistance systems, commonly referred as automotive lidars. sponsoring three years testing support this goal. We discuss second-year test results. In year two, we tested nine models grade lidars, using child-size targets at short ranges and larger longer...

Optically transparent antennas have gained interest over the last 20 years for applications in automotive, consumer electronics, and space industries. Previous research on mesh has not fully discussed resonance frequency shift that occurs when compared to a solid antenna of identical dimensions. The is introduced from added inductance decreased capacitance inherent meshed conductor. This paper presents origin shift, as well design approach compensate shift. proposed decreases length patch by...

This article summarizes the history and present state of IEEE Council on Radio-Frequency Identification (CRFID). The aim, scope, achievement CRFID technical & academic activities, publications, membership services education are highlighted, with focus how commits grows resources to achieve its goals for communities. also provides vision path council's future, this path, is broadening technological frontiers IoT, Blockchain, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), Social (CPSS), Digital Twins, Parallel...

The rectifying element of any wireless power transfer system or RF energy harvester is the critical piece in determining maximum frequency operation and energy-conversion efficiency. Schottky diodes are traditionally used for their low threshold voltage, which increases RF-to-DC conversion efficiency at powers. This paper connects diode semiconductor parameters (such as doping level junction area) to through closed-form equations. Through simulations, fundamental performance illuminated.

Signal interference between two light detection and ranging (lidar) scanners can occur when the transmitted laser energy from one lidar is coupled into a second either by scattering or direct transmission. By ray tracing transmission paths, it shown that signal be modeled with coincidence of intersections lidars' optical axes target medium. A geometric analysis intersecting paths presented for circularly scanning lidars which theoretical risks may deduced. Using rules proposed here...

Signal interference between light detection and ranging (lidar) sensors has the potential to degrade range data integrity, which may challenge multilidar applications such as autonomous vehicles if not adequately considered. Our work proposes a methodology for evaluating lidar interference, analyzes distinct phenomena, validates previously proposed model of two circularly scanning, pulsed sensors. The comparison Monte Carlo simulated experimentally observed events suggests that be inferred...

Waveform-resolved, bathymetric lidar applications demand high performance analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) to meet the demands of bandwidth, large dynamic range signals which are typical for coastal mapping applications. In this paper, Agilent M9703A digitizer is evaluated with criteria in mind and found be an excellent candidate. Furthermore, customizable FPGA firmware onboard has been used along a GPU demonstrate real-time computation coordinate point cloud - significantly reducing time...

Power-optimized waveforms (POWs) are the enabling technology for realizing an internet-of-things (IoTs). An IoT will require billions or trillions of sensors, which must rely on passive, backscatter communication to facilitate wireless transfer information. Passive, sensors uniquely suited because their ease installation, low-cost, and lack potentially toxic batteries. POW's primary benefit is that they can greatly improve energy-harvesting efficiency passive increases range reliability....

This study characterizes 5.8 GHz backscatter radio links in a transient, high-voltage power line environment. The measured results demonstrate how increased RF carrier frequency provides additional resistance to the noise, interference, and corona shielding of communication antennas that operate near lines. lead important design rules for low-powered wireless sensor applications deployed future smart grid.

Optically transparent antennas are an enabling technology for creating single aperture radio frequency (RF)/Electro- Optical (EO)/Infra-red (IR) sensing and communication systems. Multi-sensor information processing, simplified alignment, resiliency to jamming, lower size, weight, power (SWaP) all among the potential benefits realized by a multi-modal aperture. However, ability have highly transmissive optical imaging, LIDAR, and/or systems at same time in physical footprint as low loss...

This paper presents a novel method for determining the power available to passive radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag, Power Conversion Gain (PCG). The conversion gain of tag combines tag's antenna pattern with its charge pump efficiency give system designer output as function angle and maximum received input power. metric is more useful designers because it helps determine sensitivity orientation which exaggerated by non-linearity pump. demonstrates use PCG using measured results from...

A novel miniaturized printed circular loop antenna with perimeter of nearly one wavelength is designed for operation a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag at 5.8 GHz. RFID tags and RFID-enabled sensors which operate this frequency offer many benefits over traditional UHF LF tags, such as smaller footprints increased bandwidth. The broken into conducting segments that alternate on either side substrate capacitive loading needed to maintain constant current generate near omni-directional...

The Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID)-Enabled Sensing Testbed (R.E.S.T.) is a flexible platform for developing RFID technologies (sensors, RF front ends, coding, etc.) across frequency bands from low-frequency through microwave and millimeter. Paired with USRP N-200 software defined radio, the R.E.S.T. allows researchers to streamline product development or experiment new sensing techniques/RF architectures without need rebuilding an entire tag. Instead, interchangeable daughterboards...

This paper presents forward and backscatter link budgets for systems that utilize power-optimized waveforms (POWs) passive radio communication. It has been shown how POWs increase the limit while reducing of these when compared to continuous wave (CW) excitation.