A5007489974- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- earthquake and tectonic studies
- Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
- Geological Studies and Exploration
- Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
- Astro and Planetary Science
- Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics
- Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
- Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques
- Geological and Geophysical Studies
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Planetary Science and Exploration
- Earthquake Detection and Analysis
- Seismology and Earthquake Studies
- Geological formations and processes
- Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Solidification and crystal growth phenomena
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods
- Nuclear Materials and Properties
- Origins and Evolution of Life
- Advanced ceramic materials synthesis
Tokyo Institute of Technology
2013-2024
Life Science Institute
2013-2023
Earth-Life Science Institute
2013-2020
Planetary Science Institute
2010-2013
University of California, Berkeley
2010-2013
University of British Columbia
2007-2010
University of California, Los Angeles
2005-2008
Institut de physique du globe de Paris
2006-2007
Arizona State University
2006
University of Alaska Fairbanks
2006
The composition and state of Earth's core, located deeper than 2,900 km from the surface, remain largely uncertain. Recent static experiments on iron alloys performed up to inner core pressure temperature conditions have revealed phase relations properties materials. These mineral physics constraints, combined with theoretical calculations, continue improve our understanding in particular crystal structure chemical composition, thermal evolution, possible stratification outer core.
Hydrogen is one of the possible alloying elements in Earth's core, but its siderophile (iron-loving) nature debated. Here we experimentally examined partitioning hydrogen between molten iron and silicate melt at 30-60 gigapascals 3100-4600 kelvin. We find that has a metal/silicate partition coefficient DH ≥ 29 therefore strongly conditions core formation. Unless water was delivered only final stage accretion, formation scenarios suggest 0.3-0.6 wt% H incorporated into leaving relatively...
Temperature gradients in a low-shear-velocity province the lowermost mantle (D'' region) beneath central Pacific Ocean were inferred from observation of rapid S-wave velocity increase overlying decrease. These paired seismic discontinuities are attributed to phase change perovskite post-perovskite and then back as temperature increases with depth. Iron enrichment could explain occurrence several hundred kilometers above core-mantle boundary this warm, chemically distinct province. The double...
We present a numerical model for calculating the temperature distribution inside resistance-heated high-pressure solid-medium axi-symmetric cell assemblies that incorporates both composition- and temperature-dependent thermal conductivity. The code was validated using analytic solutions of simplified diffusion problems comparisons to actual laboratory experiments found be reliable in matching characteristics multi-anvil experiments. Calculations various assembly designs resulted fields are...
Earth possesses a persistent, internally-generated magnetic field, whereas no trace of dynamo has been detected on Venus, at present or in the past, although high surface temperature and recent resurfacing events may have removed paleomagnetic evidence. Whether not terrestrial body can sustain an internally generated field by convection inside its metallic fluid core is determined part initial thermodynamic state compositional structure, both which are turn set processes accretion...
Contents 1. Introduction 1.1. A workshop and this document 1.2. Framing origins of life science 1.2.1. What do we mean by the (OoL)? 1.2.2. Defining 1.2.3. How should characterize approaches to OoL science? 1.2.4. One path or many? 2. Strategy for Origins Life Research 2.1. Outcomes-key questions investigations 2.1.1. Domain 1: Theory 2.1.2. 2: Practice 2.1.3. 3: Process 2.1.4. 4: Future studies 2.2. EON Roadmap 2.3. Relationship NASA Astrobiology documents European AstRoMap Appendix I II...
To ascertain whether magnetic dynamos operate in rocky exoplanets more massive or hotter than the Earth, we developed a parametric model of differentiated planet and its thermal evolution. Our reproduces established properties Earth's interior field at present time. When applied to Venus, assuming that lacks plate tectonics has dehydrated mantle with an elevated viscosity, shows dynamo shuts down never operated. predicts fixed mass, history is sensitive core size, but not initial inventory...