Hydrogen is one of the possible alloying elements in Earth's core, but its siderophile (iron-loving) nature debated. Here we experimentally examined partitioning hydrogen between molten iron and silicate melt at 30-60 gigapascals 3100-4600 kelvin. We find that has a metal/silicate partition coefficient DH ≥ 29 therefore strongly conditions core formation. Unless water was delivered only final stage accretion, formation scenarios suggest 0.3-0.6 wt% H incorporated into leaving relatively...

Abstract Fe and FeH form a binary eutectic system above ∼40 GPa. Here we performed melting experiments in laser‐heated diamond‐anvil cell obtained the Fe‐FeH curve between 52 175 Its extrapolation shows temperature to be 4,350 K at inner core boundary (ICB), which is lower than that Fe‐FeSi but higher those Fe‐S, Fe‐O, Fe‐C systems. In addition, its d T /d P slope comparable of curves endmembers, suggesting liquid composition changes little with increasing pressure about 0.6 ICB pressure. We...

Abstract Melting experiments were performed on the Fe‐C‐H system to 127 GPa in a laser‐heated diamond anvil cell. On basis of situ and ex sample characterizations, we found that solubility carbon liquid Fe correlates inversely with hydrogen concentration at ~60 ~3500 K, indicating preferentially incorporates rather than under conditions abundant C H. While large amounts both H may have been delivered growing Earth, C‐poor/H‐rich metals likely added protocore late stages core formation. We...

Abstract While hydrogen is one of plausible major light elements in the core, high‐temperature equation state (EoS) Fe‐H alloy has not been experimentally examined to core pressure range. Here we measured volume ( V ) non‐magnetic (NM) face‐centered cubic (fcc) FeH at high and temperature P‐T 142 GPa 3660 K a laser‐heated diamond‐anvil cell obtained its P‐V‐T EoS. An increase lattice Fe per H atom, Δ , determined as functions P T found be substantially smaller than metallic that used...

Radiation-induced reactions in chemically amplified resists based on deprotection of t-butoxycarbonyl groups have been investigated by both time-resolved (the pulse radiolysis methods) and steady-state optical absorption spectroscopy. Upon exposure a partially tBOC-protected novolak electron synchrotron radiation beams, the yields intermediates contributing to acid generation (phenoxyl radical proton adducts base resin) decreased with increasing protection ratio hydroxyl groups. Therefore,...

Abstract We examined the compression behavior of hexagonal‐close‐packed (hcp) (Fe 0.88 Si 0.12 ) 1 H 0.61 and 0.79 (in atomic ratio) alloys up to 138 GPa in a diamond anvil cell (DAC). While contradicting experimental results were previously reported on curve double‐hcp (dhcp) FeH x ( ≈ 1), our data show that compressibility hcp Fe is very similar those , indicating incorporation hydrogen into iron does not change its remarkably. The present experiments suggest inner core may contain 0.47 wt...

Abstract Liquid-liquid immiscibility has been widely observed in iron alloy systems at ambient pressure and is important for the structure dynamics cores of rocky planets. While such previously known liquid demonstrated to disappear relatively low pressures, here we report immiscible S(±Si,O)-rich H(±C)-rich above ~20 GPa, corresponding conditions Martian core. Mars’ cosmochemically estimated core composition likely miscibility gap, separation two liquids could have driven convection stable...

Abstract We examined the crystal structure of FeHX (X~1) (FeH hereafter) at high pressure and temperature by X-ray diffraction up to 137 GPa. Results show that FeH adopts a face-centered cubic (fcc) pressures 43 GPa temperatures ~1000 2000 K. Our study revises phase diagram stoichiometric in which fcc has wider-than-expected stability field temperature. Based on our findings, end-member Fe-FeH system is expected be stable P-T conditions Earth's core, rather than double-hexagonal close packed...

Abstract Melting experiments on the Fe‐S‐O ternary system were performed to 208 GPa in a laser‐heated diamond‐anvil cell. Compositions of liquids and coexisting solids recovered samples examined using field‐emission‐type electron microprobe. The results demonstrate that eutectic point shifts toward oxygen‐rich, sulfur‐poor side with increasing pressure, accordance changes liquid compositions Fe‐O Fe‐S binary systems. We also found solid Fe crystallizing from does not include oxygen, while...

Hydrogen could be an important light element in planetary cores, but its effect on phase diagrams of iron alloys is not well known because the solubility H Fe minimal at ambient pressure and high-pressure experiments H-bearing systems have been challenging. Considering that silicon can another major here we performed melting Fe-Si-H system ~ 50 GPa obtained ternary liquidus relations solid/liquid partition coefficient, D Si based in-situ X-ray diffraction measurements ex-situ chemical...

Abstract We performed melting experiments on Fe-O alloys up to 204 GPa and 3500 K in a diamond-anvil cell (DAC) determined the liquidus phase relations Fe-FeO system based textural chemical characterizations of recovered samples. Liquid-liquid immiscibility was observed 29 GPa. Oxygen concentration eutectic liquid increased from >8 wt% O at 44 13 is extrapolated be about 15 inner core boundary (ICB) conditions. These results support O-rich core, although oxygen cannot single light...

Abstract We examined liquidus phase relations in Fe‐O ± H at ∼40 and ∼150 GPa, Fe‐H 45 GPa. While it has been speculated that Fe FeH form continuous solid solution to core pressures, our experiment on showed 0.20 forms with the hcp structure, different from fcc for stoichiometric FeH, melts temperature lower than suggesting eutectic melting between FeH. It is consistent diagram Fe‐O‐H, which implies Fe‐FeH binary liquid composition of 0.42 These experiments also demonstrated partition...

Abstract Previous experiments performed below 20 GPa suggested that the metal/silicate partition coefficient of phosphorus (P), D P , extrapolated to typical high-pressure and -temperature conditions Earth’s core formation gives too high concentration in unless a large amount silicon was included metals. Here we examined between liquid metal coexisting molten silicate at 27–61 3820–4760 K, corresponding core-forming segregation from silicate, by measuring recovered samples using...

Abstract While hydrogen could be an important light alloying element in planetary iron cores, phase relations the Fe‐FeH system remain largely unknown at high pressures and temperatures ( P ‐ T ). A speculative Fe‐H 2 diagram has been proposed assuming continuous solid solution between Fe FeH eutectic melting H . Recent studies revealed that stoichiometric becomes non‐magnetic above ∼40 GPa, which might affect its behavior. Here we examined curve of 43 152 GPa by a combination laser‐heated...

Fe and FeH form a binary eutectic system above ~40 GPa. Here we performed melting experiments in laser-heated diamond-anvil cell (DAC) obtained the Fe-FeH curve between 52 175 Its extrapolation shows temperature to be 4700 K at inner core boundary (ICB), which is lower than that Fe-FeSi but higher those Fe-S, Fe-O, Fe-C systems. In addition, its dT/dP slope comparable of curves endmembers, suggesting liquid composition changes little with increasing pressure about FeH0.6 ICB pressure. We...

A new interpretation of the acid generation process in novolak resin systems is reported. To investigate chemically amplified resist, a system with an generator (PAG) was employed. In order to analyze process, visible absorption characteristics from conventional spectrophotometer, and nanosecond millisecond pulse radiolysis systems, were analyzed. For m-cresol triphenylsulfonium triflate, it hypothesized that would be generated during exposure; however, asserted protonated intermediate...

By examining networks is possible to understand the nature of inter-firm relationships among organizational entities in any given corporate group, such as Toyota’s, Nissan’s or Mazda’s Keiretsu. Recently, a new three-dimensional spatial model has been developed that allows scholars ascertain structure position individual firms, and determinants firm performance. This paradigm –called DEC model– composed degree, effective size capacity assessed relationship between Euclidean distance sales....

Earth and Space Science Open Archive This preprint has been submitted to is under consideration at Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth. ESSOAr a venue for early communication or feedback before peer review. Data may be preliminary.Learn more about preprints preprintOpen AccessYou are viewing the latest version by default [v1]High-Pressure Melting Curve FeH: Implications Eutectic between Fe Non-Magnetic FeHAuthorsShohTagawaiDGeorgeHelffrichKeiHiroseiDYasuoOhishiSee all authors Shoh...

Earth and Space Science Open Archive This preprint has been submitted to is under consideration at Geophysical Research Letters. ESSOAr a venue for early communication or feedback before peer review. Data may be preliminary.Learn more about preprints preprintOpen AccessYou are viewing the latest version by default [v1]Melting Experiments on Fe-O-H Fe-H: Evidence Eutectic Melting in Fe-FeH Implications Hydrogen CoreAuthorsKentaOkaiDNagiIkutaiDShohTagawaiDKeiHiroseiDYasuoOhishiSee all authors...