An environmental assessment of metakaolin as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) through an integrated production-process-simulation and Life-Cycle-Assessment (LCA) approach is presented in this work. Initially, process simulation models were developed to reproduce the basic stages production process. The effect various operational parameters scenarios, such calcination temperature, moisture raw associated drying, exhaust gas recirculation use alternative-fuel combustion provide kiln...

A “Well-to-Propeller” Life Cycle Assessment of maritime transport was performed with a European geographical focus. Four typical types vessels specific operational profiles were assessed: container vessel and tanker (both 2-stroke engines), passenger roll-on/roll-off (Ro-Pax) cruise 4-stroke engines). All main engines dual fuel operated Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) or Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). Alternative onshore offshore supply chains considered. Primary energy use greenhouse gas emissions...

The production of Fischer–Tropsch liquid biofuels from the supercritical water gasification (SCWG) lignocellulosic biomass is energetically and environmentally assessed by coupling process modelling with Life-Cycle Assessment. A conceptual model has been developed comprising following stages: (a) thermochemical conversion in a reactor, (b) syngas upgrade through dry reforming (DRR), (c) biofuel synthesis (FTS) (d) FT product refinement, so that diesel-like (FT—Diesel), gasoline-like...

Abstract The design of biofuel value chains is a complex process due to the large number stakeholders involved, seasonality in feedstock availability, security supply, logistics costs, efficiency considerations, and its multi‐node nature. Decisions on designing phytoremediation‐to‐biofuel are even more complicated, involvement additional stakeholders, contamination impacting types biomass that can be grown yield, sparse land availability or small plots – leading lack economies scale higher...

Technologies are difficult to assess in an early stage of development. A comparison between innovative and conventional technologies is often complex due differences scale (large-scale with several 100 t/d vs. demonstrator-scale less than kg/d) subsequent efficiency. methodology implemented using Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) enhanced by Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) aspects incorporating industrial principles for technology assessment. The applied identify the trade-off direct indirect...

A half-bridge driver with integrated power switches has been designed and verified experimentally using the Philips EZ-HV SOI process. 30 W, 400 V input class-D series resonant inverter this module was demonstrated to operate successfully at 1 MHz 90% efficiency only 0.1 9 W loss in driver. This approach offers a significant performance improvement component reduction over bulk-technology-based high-voltage high-frequency solution.

Nearly a quarter of the energy consumption Europe is required for industrial processes. Huge efficiency potentials can be exploited. One such under research within EU funded project DAPhNE by developing an integrated solution intensive firing processes with microwave technologies. A methodology towards preliminary definition Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) focus on economical, environmental and operational aspects presented this paper. By means lab-scale measurements, selected KPIs are...

In the present paper, an improved version of PROMETHEE multicriteria methodology is presented incorporating uncertainty in decision-making process, achieved through implementation fuzzy theory. The innovative features proposed methodological extension are incorporation a reliable ranking method, which removes necessity defuzzification and adoption post-ranking analysis, applying satisfaction function on ranking. new two numerical examples demonstrated that combination simplicity,...

The energetic and environmental performance of a cogeneration biomass gasification plant, situated in Thessaly, Greece is evaluated via methodology combining process simulation Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Initially, the most common agricultural residues found Thessaly region simulated to establish effect technical parameters such as temperature, equivalence ratio raw moisture content. It shown that maximum efficiency approximately 70% can be reached for all feedstock types. Lower values are...

This study presents a combined process modeling—Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach for the evaluation of green Cr2O3 ceramic pigments production. Pigment production is associated with high calcination temperatures, achieved through combustion fossil fuels. Therefore, it necessary to evaluate its environmental impact regards energy requirements and CO2 emissions. Initially, model developed simulate final stage traditional process. It validated against titanium dioxide (TiO2) white...

Standby mode is a convenient but extremely wasteful feature of many electronics products. The authors describe how the GreenChip family helping to produce more environmentally friendly switched power supply. new ICs implement an extensive set management functions focused on improving efficiency standard flyback supply in standby mode. They achieve this by introducing three special modes operation, referred as burst-mode, off-mode and low-frequency Use devices can typically reduce 2-3 W, for...

The present work aims to identify alternative liquid biofuel value chain scenarios utilizing heavy metal (HM)-contaminated biomass feedstocks. analysis is based on breaking down existing chains, focusing the required adaptations needed for clean production. State-of-the-art and emerging production options are reviewed. potential implications caused by HM load in feedstock analyzed along whole chain, which includes pre-processing, conversion post-processing stages. fate of most common species...

The authors present a functional-level simulator primarily aimed at solving switched-capacitor networks. takes into consideration the ON resistance of switches as well op-amp settling behavior affected by different loading conditions both small-signal and large-signal domains. Typical simulation examples circuits have yielded results compatible with those SPICE, but are obtained speed more than one order magnitude faster SPICE. In applications where majority circuitry contains little or no...