The Middle East (ME) is characterized by its water shortage problem. This region with arid climate expected to be the most vulnerable in world potential impacts of change. Iraq (located ME) seriously experiencing To overcome this problem rain harvesting can used. In study applicability long-term weather generator model downscaling daily precipitation Central used project future changes based on scenario seven General Circulation Models (GCMs) outputs for periods 2011-2030, 2046-2065, and...

Abstract In this study, the influences of El Niño–southern oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) on rainfall variability in central southern regions Sudan are investigated. The investigation is conducted using 49 years data from 12 stations. results show that driest associated with warm ENSO SST conditions. two regions, correlation annual found to be relatively higher than SST, having stronger region. multiple indicate both SSTs explain about 34% region 21% Two...

Abstract The northern region of Iraq heavily depends on rivers, such as the Greater Zab, for water supply and irrigation. Thus, river management in light future climate change is paramount importance region. In this study, daily rainfall temperature obtained from Zab catchment, 1961–2008, were used building evapotranspiration models using LARS-WG multiple linear regressions, respectively. A rainfall–runoff model, form autoregressive model with exogenous factors, has been developed observed...

Changes in rainfall patterns associated with climate change can affect the operation of a combined sewer system, potential increase amount. This could lead to excessive spill frequencies and also introduce hazardous substances into receiving waters, which, turn, would have an impact on quality shellfish bathing waters. paper quantifies spilling volume, duration frequency 19 overflows (CSOs) waters under two scenarios, high (A1FI), low emissions (B1) simulated by three global models (GCMs),...

A flexible framework of multi-model three statistical downscaling approaches was established in which predictions from these models were used as inputs to Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Traditional ANN, Simple Average Method (SAM), and combining (SDSM, Multiple Linear Regressions (MLR), Generalized Model (GLM)) applied a studied site North-western England. performance criteria each the primary evaluated. The obtained results indicate that different methods can gain diverse usefulness...

The Blue Nile River is utilized in Sudan as the main source of irrigation water. However, river has a long, dry, low-flow season (October–May), which necessitates use regulations and rules to manage its water during this period. This depends on accurate lead time forecasts inflows reservoirs built along river. Thus reliable tested forecasting tool needed provide inflow forecast, with sufficient time. In present study, artificial neural network (ANN) used model recession curve flow hydrograph...

This work highlights the role of otolithic morphometrics, shape indices and ultrastructure in identification three Mullidae species from Red Sea. Differences measurements were detectable all goatfish species. The statistical analysis morphometric parameters showed that are good indicators fish size. mean values six examined otholiths considerably different among species, high degree differentiation these makes them useful for other researchers who wish to use otoliths identification...

The study aimed to evaluate the factors influencing adoption of e-learning in University Gezira according views staff members and recommended possible solutions overcome challenges. Recently, as well some other Sudanese Universities started adopt new methods facilitate teaching learning. Sample 150 were selected randomly from sectors (education, engineering applied sciences, agriculture, economics human medicine health). A questionnaire was used collect data respondents; however, a sample 91...

In the present paper, modelling extreme temperature to assess risk of global warming in Ireland is addressed. The approach used a combination peak–over–threshold (POT) - generalised Pareto distribution (GPD) which parameter allowed vary with dominant feature climate at location. climatic location approximated by variables derived from National Centre for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data. Data six stations were develop seasonal models winter, spring, summer and autumn. Future...

Abstract Catchments hydrological conditions and responses are anticipated to be affected by the changes in weather patterns, increasing climate variability extreme rainfall. Thus, engineers have no choice but consider change their practices order adapt serve public interests. This paper is an exploration of impacts on hydrology that underlies hydraulic design urban drainage system. Future rainfall has been downscaled from Global Climate Model (GCM) employing a hybrid Generalised Linear (GLM)...

Buildings are a huge carbon emitter. Efforts being made to cut both embodied and operational emissions reduce the impact on built environment. This study aims compare Life Cycle Carbon Footprint (LCCF) LCC of two alternatives: refurbishment radical replacement an existing community centre building in Liverpool identify options that could achieve significant CO2 emission reductions economically viable way. The calculation methods standardised by UK's RICS (Royal Institute Chartered Surveyors)...

The paper describes downscaling of extreme precipitation in Ireland using a probabilistic method. method described uses combined peak-over-threshold (POT) – generalised Pareto distribution (GPD) approach which the scale parameter GPD is allowed to vary with dominant climate forcing at location interest. climatic represented by predictors selected from large-scale variables provided NCEP/NCAR data. Data six rainfall stations are used study build models for each station. extRemes software as...

Abstract In this study, the effects of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on rainfall variability in central (Savannah) and southern (Equatorial) regions Sudan are examined. The annual data from 12 stations for 49 years used examination. results study show that areal regionally averaged values two have decreased markedly since early 1960s, with co-existence between driest warm ENSO events. correlation regional events is found to be relatively higher Savannah region than Equatorial region....

In many parts of the world, old sewer systems have been designed without consideration for change in climate, so probabilities and risks surcharge flooding are elevated due to increase extreme rainfall events as a consequence global warming. The current paper is aiming assess how climate on interannual multidecadal timescale (2020s; 2050s; 2080s) will affect design standards wastewater networks presumed intensity frequency Northwest England area (selected site). Design storms analyzed future...

This research aims to determine the feasibility of converting a Grade II* listed building, built in 1667 and located within conservation area UK, into an eco-home by reducing energy consumption carbon emissions. The project explores facilitating change use from commercial building residential dwelling while significantly improving performance. A baseline performance assessment is carried out using combination infrared thermography, monitoring hygrothermal conditions, thermal modelling....

Every household uses an average of around 360 litres water each day. About 21% a typical gas consumption is attributed to heating the for showers, baths, and hot from tap. An environmentally friendly, low-cost device called CombiSave valve can be used manage should fitted most combination boilers automatically control flow every time tap turned on. This allows boiler heat faster only return normal once usable temperature reached. experimental test was conducted in exemplar modern house...

In this study, potential impacts of ENSO and Indian Ocean SSTs indices on variability inflow to the Roseires Dam are investigated. The objective is investigate relationship between these climatic river flow enable building a forecasting tool give lead time prediction dam using information indices. Ninety one years annual (1914–2004) were used in analysis. Correlation results showed that has negative relation with ENSO-SST index SST from two regions Ocean. Two probabilistic models developed...

In this study, potential impacts of ENSO and Indian Ocean SSTs indices on variability inflow to the Roseires Dam are investigated. The objective is investigate relationship between these climatic river flow enable building a forecasting tool give lead time prediction dam using information indices. Ninety one years annual (1914–2004) were used in analysis. Correlation results showed that has negative relation with ENSO-SST index SST from two regions Ocean. Two probabilistic models developed...