A5056346121- Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing
- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques
- Precipitation Measurement and Analysis
- Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Antenna Design and Optimization
- Calibration and Measurement Techniques
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing
- Microwave Engineering and Waveguides
- Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques
- Superconducting and THz Device Technology
- Climate change and permafrost
- Archaeological and Historical Studies
- Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies
- Historical Studies of Medieval Iberia
- Higher Education Teaching and Evaluation
- Underwater Acoustics Research
- Medieval Architecture and Archaeology
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
- Astronomical Observations and Instrumentation
- Technology in Education and Healthcare
- Labor Law and Work Dynamics
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
2013-2022
Hospital Del Mar
2018
Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya
2008
Center For Remote Sensing (United States)
2008
Empresarios Agrupados
2004
FC Barcelona
2002
The fundamental equation of interferometric aperture synthesis radiometry is revised to include full antenna pattern characterization and receivers' interaction. It shown that the cross correlation between output signals a pair receivers Fourier-like integral difference scene brightness temperature physical receivers. derivation performed using thermodynamic approach account for effects mutual coupling elements. analysis assumes ferrite isolators so noise wave passing from receiver toward...
In Earth observation programs there is a need of passive low frequency (L-band) measurements to monitor soil moisture and ocean salinity with high spatial resolution 10-20 km, radiometric 1 K revisit time 1-3 days. Compared total power radiometers aperture synthesis interferometric are technologically attractive because their reduced mass hardware requirements. this field it should be mentioned the one-dimensional (1D) linear interferometer ESTAR developed by NASA MIRAS two-dimensional (2D)...
Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) is an Earth Explorer Opportunity Mission from the European Space Agency with a launch date in 2007. Its goal to produce global maps of soil moisture ocean salinity variables for climatic studies using new dual-polarization L-band (1400-1427 MHz) radiometer Microwave Imaging Radiometer by Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS). SMOS will have multiangular observation capability can be optionally operated full-polarimetric mode. At this frequency sensitivity...
“Illuminating Video” is an anthology that includes 25 essays and 12 artist’s projects covering a variety of topics perspectives on video art. It divided into five major sections: the history art; its contexts; accessibility or audience reception; syntax video; narrative. Hall Fifer’s introduction describes book as attempt to address complexities art form. Notes contributors. Videography index; name subject index. Bibliography 21 p. Circa 450 bibl. ref.
The calibration of the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) payload instrument, known as Microwave Imaging Radiometer by Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS), is based on characterization measurements which are performed initially on-ground prior to launch and, subsequently, in-flight. A good a prerequisite ensure quality geophysical data. scheme encompasses both spaceborne instrument ground data processing. Once system has been calibrated, performance can be verified, higher level variables, soil...
After the successful launching of Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity satellite in November 2009, continuous streams data started to be regularly downloaded made available processed. The first six months operation were fully dedicated In-Orbit Commissioning Phase, with an intense activity aimed at bringing instrument into a operational condition. Concerning payload Microwave Imaging Radiometer Aperture Synthesis, it was characterized using specific orbits check all modes. procedures, already...
This paper is concerned with the radiometric sensitivity computation of an aperture synthesis interferometric radiometer devoted to Earth observation. The impact system parameters and use simultaneous redundant measurements are analyzed. uncertainty principle presented; it quantifies relationship between angular resolution.
End-to-end calibration of the Microwave Imaging Radiometer by Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS) radiometer refers to processing measured raw data up dual-polarization brightness temperature maps over earth's surface, which is level 1 product Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission. The process starts with a self-correction comparators offset quadrature error followed procedure itself. This one based on periodically injecting correlated uncorrelated noise all receivers in order measure their...
On-board calibration of bidimensional aperture synthesis radiometers with a large number antennas by the standard correlated noise injection method is technologically very critical because stringent requirements on mass, volume, and phase equalization distribution network. A novel approach, which makes use set uncorrelated sources uniformly distributed in array, proposed. Each source drives only to small adjacent antennas. These sets are overlapped order maintain modulus track along array....
Sea surface salinity can be measured by microwave radiometry at L-band (1400-1427 MHz). This frequency is a compromise between sensitivity to the salinity, small atmospheric perturbation, and reasonable pixel resolution. The description of ocean emission depends on two main factors: (1) sea water permittivity, which function temperature, frequency, (2) state, wind-induced wave spectrum, swell, rain-induced roughness foam coverage its emissivity. study presents simplified two-layer model for...
The European Space Agency's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission aims at producing global frequent maps of SMOS will be launched in 2008. SMOS' single payload is a new type radiometer called Microwave Imaging Radiometer by Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS) operating L-band which brightness temperature images are formed Fourier synthesis technique. However, the alias-free field view where reconstructed, bias present has been found to higher for high-contrast scenes (coastlines) lower...
Brightness-temperature retrieval techniques for synthetic aperture radiometers are reviewed. Three different approaches to combine measured visibility and antenna temperatures, along with instrument characterization data, into a general equation invert presented. Discretization windowing briefly discussed, formulas reciprocal grids using rectangular hexagonal samplings given. Two known used the equation, namely, inverse Fourier transform <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...
Land-sea contamination observed in Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) brightness temperature images is found to have two main contributions: the floor error inherent of image reconstruction a multiplicative either antenna or visibility samples measured by correlator. The origin this last one traced down SMOS calibration parameters yield simple correction scheme, which validated against several geophysical scenarios. Autoconsistency rules interferometric synthesis together with redundant...
A theoretical analysis of the angular resolution two‐dimensional interferometric radiometers for Earth observation from low‐orbit satellites and its degradation due to spatial decorrelation effects is presented. The extends basic known in context radio astronomy (application with narrow field view, very few baselines) one dimension (ESTAR L band, baselines radiometer) wide‐field‐of‐view, many‐baseline, high‐resolution system required by applications computes beam width, encircled energy (or...
The derivation of soil moisture and ocean salinity contents can be performed by means passive observations at L-band. global coverage, the low revisit time (1-3 days), radiometric resolution (1 K) spatial required (10-30 Km) achieved orbit interferometric radiometers. Interferometric radiometers synthesize a thin beam correlating outputs sparse array small antennas. imaging algorithms used in radioastronomy not directly applied to Earth observation because large number baselines, proximity...
The Microwave Imaging Radiometer by Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS) is the single payload of European Space Agency's (ESA) Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) Earth Explorer Opportunity mission. MIRAS will be first two-dimensional aperture synthesis radiometer for observation. Two-dimensional radiometers can generate brightness temperature images a Fourier process without mechanical antenna steering. To do so have necessary wide swath observation, array formed small low directive antennas,...
A software package to fully process SMOS data from level 0 up brightness temperature at antenna plane (level 1B) is described. The raw downloaded the payload are converted correlations and voltages; then calibrated visibility temperature; finally temperature. Results different levels saved in separate files for further post-processing a visualization tool provided order check various levels, as well producing maps (xi, eta) domain. has been developed independently official SMOS-mission...
This paper summarizes the rationale for European Space Agency's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission routine calibration plan, including analysis of parameter annual variability, performances stability SMOS images after one year data. spends 1.68% total observation time in calibration. The instrument performs well within expectations with regard to accuracy radiometric sensitivity, although spatial ripples are present images. Several mechanisms currently used or under...
The Microwave Imaging Radiometer with Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS) on-board the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission is providing useful data since November 2009, proving potential of 2D interferometry from space. With end its nominal operation phase in 2012, expected to extend lifetime for at least more than two additional years. Along all current improvements on processing exploitation, SMOS trail might need be continued aim users coming This paper presents a follow-on operational...
A classification of system errors in aperture synthesis radiometry applied to Earth observation is presented. general procedure quantify the impact antenna on radiometric accuracy developed and then particularized an L‐band Y‐shaped interferometer called MIRAS (microwave imaging radiometer by synthesis) currently under study at European Space Agency. This work analyzes detail instrument. These are grouped into amplitude phase pattern errors, position cross polarization errors. Special...
The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission was selected in May 1999 by the European Space Agency to provide global frequent soil moisture sea surface salinity maps. SMOS' single payload is Microwave Imaging Radiometer Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS), an L band two‐dimensional aperture synthesis interferometric radiometer with multiangular observation capabilities. Most geophysical parameter retrieval errors studies have assumed independence of measurements both time space so that...
The European Space Agency's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission will be the first one using two-dimensional aperture synthesis radiometry for Earth observation. This study presents formulation that relates instrument observables brightness temperature maps including cross-polar antenna voltage patterns, which may also different from element to element. Finally, radiometric accuracy degradation if patterns are neglected in image reconstruction is studied.
The GeoSTAR demonstrator can be characterized at close range by means of a simple near-to-far-field phase correction. This reduces the test set-up configuration to reasonable dimensions. In order simulate Earth as seen from GEO, target consists disc absorbent material ambient temperature placed against sky. work presents details correction well some preliminary results that confirm its suitability characterize demonstrator.
The on-ground characterization of the synthetic aperture radiometer onboard Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission is described. Characterization includes basic functionality, internal calibration, thermal cycling, response to point flat sources, self-radio-frequency interference, others. description different tests performed as well detailed results are provided. show that instrument very stable has all gains offsets consistent with ones obtained at subsystem level. On other hand, phase...