Background Achilles tendinopathy is commonly reported by athletes involved in activities that include running and jumping. Despite the prevalence of problem, causative factors remain poorly understood. Hypothesis In Masters track field athletes, there no influence age, gender, weight, height, impact profile developing tendinopathy. Study Design Cross-sectional study; Level evidence, 3. Methods During European Veterans Athletics Championships Poznań, Poland, July 2006, 178 (110 men 68 women;...

Free amino acids substantially contribute to energy metabolism. Also, their profile may identify (over)training status and effectiveness. The long-term effects of speed-power training on plasma free acid (PFAA) profiles are not known. We aimed observe variations in PFAA levels high-performance sprinters a six-month cycle.

We studied relationships between age and aerobic capacity in three groups of subjects adhering to different exercise modalities. A total 203 men aged 20-90 years were examined: 52 speed-power track field athletes (SP), 89 endurance runners (ER) 62 untrained individuals (UT). Maximal characteristics obtained during a graded treadmill test until exhaustion: oxygen uptake (VO2max), heart rate (HRmax), pulse (O2 Pulsemax) maximal distance (Distmax). Information about training history weekly...

Background: Circuit training is an exercise mode, that may include both endurance and resistance components. There are premises a combination of these two modalities brings additional benefits, particularly in improving insulin sensitivity. The retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) inhibit signaling from metabolic pathways skeletal muscles, thus developing resistance. This study aimed to evaluate whether moderate intensity circuit combining strength induces changes tissue sensitivity,...

Abstract The study aimed to evaluate the lower limb skin temperature (Tsk) and blood concentrations of lactate (LA) ammonia (NH 3 ) during exercise recovery. Eleven elite sprint athletes (25 ± 3.4 yrs) 11 endurance (24.45 5.4 performed an incremental running test until exhaustion. Body composition was estimated using DXA method. Thermograms anterior posterior surfaces limbs were recorded at rest, before each stage (every min, starting from 10 km h −1 increasing by 2 ), in 5th, 10th, 15th,...

Janowski, M, Zieliński, J, and Kusy, K. Exercise response to real combat in elite taekwondo athletes before after competition rule changes. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2222-2229, 2021-We hypothesize that recent (2017) changes rules significantly affected kinematic (mechanical activity) physiological (cardiopulmonary indices lactate concentration) profile of the combat, which is currently becoming more demanding terms exercise intensity fatigue. Twenty two male female were followed up for over...

Purine metabolism is crucial for efficient ATP resynthesis during exercise. The aim of this study was to assess the effect lifelong exercise training on blood purine metabolites in ageing humans at rest and after exhausting Plasma concentrations hypoxanthine (Hx), xanthine (X), uric acid (UA) activity erythrocyte hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) were measured 55 sprinters (SP, 20‒90 years), 91 endurance runners (ER, 20‒81 years) 61 untrained participants (UT, 21‒69...

Background During physical exercise, the level of hematological parameters change depending on intensity and duration exercise individual’s fitness. Research results, based samples taken before after suggest that increase during incremental exercise. However, there is no data confirming this beyond any doubt. This study examined how red blood cell (RBC) same standard exertion in athletes representing different physiological training profiles determined by sport discipline. Methods The...

Background Long-term adaptations and ongoing training seem to modify the energy system contribution in highly trained individuals. We aimed compare metabolism profile during sprint exercise athletes of different specialties. Methods Endurance ( n = 17, 20.3 ± 6.0 yrs), speed-power 14, 2.5 mixed 19, 23.4 4.8 yrs) performed adapted 15-second all-out test before after a general preparation period. The phosphagen, glycolytic, aerobic systems was calculated using three-component PCr-LA-O 2...

Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is synthesized in the cellular nucleus, cytoplasm and mitochondria but oxidized into NAD+ almost exclusively mitochondria. Activation of human skin by 340 nm ultraviolet light triggers natural fluorescence at length 460 nm, which intensity proportional to NADH content. This phenomenon used Flow Mediated Skin Fluorescence (FMSF) measures changes content during transient ischemia reperfusion. In this study we examined effects exercise exhaustion...

Body composition may affect the potential for success in sports. For this reason, our study aimed to determine impact of body on level aerobic and anaerobic capacity competitive rowers.The involved 48 males aged 20±2 years. was analysed using electrical bioimpedance. Maximum (VO2max) average power (AP) were determined an incremental cycling test until exhaustion a standard Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAT), respectively.The optimal ranges components with respect at preparatory period highly...

The aim of this study was to assess the effect training loads on metabolic response purine derivatives in highly trained sprinters (10 men, age range 20–29 yr) a 1-yr cycle, compared with endurance-training mode triathletes 21–28 yr). A four-time measurement respiratory parameters, plasma hypoxanthine (Hx) concentration, and erythrocyte hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) activity administered four characteristic phases (general, specific, competition, transition)....

We evaluated areal bone mineral density (aBMD), content (BMC), and markers of turnover in male competitive masters athletes representing different training profile the past at present, aged 40–64 (14 endurance runners, 12 speed-power athletes), non-sport controls (n = 13). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements total body regional aBMD, BMC soft tissue composition were acquired. Serum concentrations osteocalcin (OC), C-terminal crosslinking telopeptide type I collagen (CTX), tumour...

Abstract Włodarczyk, M, Kusy, K, Słomińska, E, Krasiński, Z, and Zieliński, J. Change in lactate, ammonia, hypoxanthine concentrations a 1-year training cycle highly trained athletes: applying biomarkers as tools to assess status. J Strength Cond Res 34(2): 355–364, 2020—The aim was determine changes biomarker (LA, NH 3 , purine metabolites) blood concentration during graded exercise recovery throughout an annual athletes of different profiles. The study included 12 sprinters (SP, 21–30...

Emerging research links the endocannabinoid system to gut microbiota, influencing nociception, mood, and immunity, yet molecular interactions remain unclear. This study focused on effects of probiotics ECS markers—cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH)—in dancers, a group selected due their high exposure physical psychological stress. In double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05567653), 15 dancers were assigned receive either 12-week...

We aimed to evaluate long-term changes in proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic plasma free amino acids (PFAA). Eleven male endurance triathletes participated a 9-month study. Blood was collected at rest, immediately after exhaustive exercise, during 30-min recovery, four consecutive training phases: transition, general, specific, competition. Twenty 22 PFAAs were assayed using the LC-ESI-MS/MS technique. The structured modified patterns of exercise-induced PFAA response, with competition...

There are no studies analyzing the effect of training loads on purine metabolism during long periods.The study's purpose was to evaluate load changes and subsequent detraining in middle-distance runners a 1-yr cycle.In four characteristic points cycle, assigned five intensity zones, pre- postexercise plasma hypoxanthine (Hx) uric acid, erythrocyte Hx-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) activity were determined 11 male at national level, practicing competitive sport for 8.1 ± 0.3 yr...

This study aimed to assess the changes in red blood cell (RBC) energy status and plasma purine metabolites concentration over a one-year training cycle endurance-trained (EN; n = 11, 20–26 years), sprint-trained (SP; 20–30 years) competitive athletes comparison recreationally-trained individuals (RE; years). Somatic, physiological, biochemical variables were measured four phases differing exercise load profile: transition, general, specific, competition. Significantly highest values of RBC...