Abstract MALDI time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has become a widely used tool for the classification of biological samples. The complex chemical composition pollen grains leads to highly specific, fingerprint-like spectra, with respect species. Beyond species-specific composition, variances in chemistry can be hierarchically structured, including level different populations, environmental conditions or genotypes. We demonstrate here sensitivity MALDI-TOF MS regarding adaption...

Aim Frost is among the most dramatic stresses a plant can experience, and complex physiological adaptations are needed to endure long periods of sub‐zero temperatures. Owing need evolve these adaptations, transitioning from tropical temperate climates regarded as difficult. Here, we study transition in grass subfamily Pooideae, which dominates cool temperate, continental Arctic regions. We produce dated phylogeny investigate role climate cooling diversification. Location Global, Time period...

The grass subfamily Pooideae dominates the floras in cold temperate regions and has evolved complex physiological adaptations to cope with extreme environmental conditions like frost, winter, seasonality. One such adaptation is acclimation, wherein plants increase their frost tolerance response gradually falling temperatures shorter days autumn. However, understanding how traits acclimation evolve remains a major challenge evolutionary biology. Here, we investigated evolution of found that...

Adaptation to cool environments is a common feature in the core group of grass subfamily Pooideae (Triticeae and Poeae). This suggest an ancient evolutionary origin low temperature stress tolerance dating back prior initiation taxonomic divergence species. Viewing evolution palaeo-climatic perspective reveals that initiated shortly after global super-cooling period at Eocene-Oligocene boundary (approximately 33.5-26 Ma). climate cooling altered distributions plants animals must have imposed...

Abstract Background Little is known about the potential of Brachypodium distachyon as a model for low temperature stress responses in Pooideae. The ice recrystallization inhibition protein (IRIP) genes, fructosyltransferase (FST) and many C-repeat binding factor (CBF) genes are Pooideae specific important responses. Here we used comparative analyses to study conservation evolution these gene families B. better understand its species agriculturally temperate grasses. Results contains cold...

The ability of plants to match their reproductive output with favorable environmental conditions has major consequences both for lifetime fitness and geographic patterns diversity. In temperate ecosystems, some plant species have evolved the use winter nonfreezing cold (vernalization) as a cue ready them spring flowering. However, it is unknown how important evolution vernalization responsiveness been colonization subsequent diversification taxa within northern southern zones. Grasses...

Abstract Accumulating evidence is suggesting more frequent tropical-to-temperate transitions than previously thought. This raises the possibility that biome could be facilitated by precursor traits. A wealth of ecological, genetic and physiological suggests overlap between drought frost stress responses, but origin this overlap, i.e. evolution these responses relative to each other, poorly known. Here, we test whether adaptation and/or severe winters in grasses (Poaceae) was ancestral...

Adaptation to temperate environments is common in the grass subfamily Pooideae, suggesting an ancestral origin of cold climate adaptation. Here, we investigated substitution rates genes involved low-temperature-induced (LTI) stress responses test hypothesis that adaptive molecular evolution LTI pathway was important for Pooideae evolution. Substitution and signatures positive selection were analyzed using 4330 gene trees including three warm climate-adapted species (maize (Zea mays), sorghum...

Abstract Aim Here we explore the variation in chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) a widespread Eurasian diploid forage grass, meadow fescue ( Festuca pratensis Huds.), to address its phylogeographical history. In particular, aim answer whether post‐glacial migration routes of are associated with spread agriculture or concurrent well‐documented natural pathways from glacial refugia. Location A total 56 accessions F. were analysed, representing entire native distribution area as well non‐native areas...

Abstract The two factors defining male reproductive success in plants are pollen quantity and quality, but our knowledge about the importance of quality is limited due to methodological constraints. Pollen terms chemical composition may be either genetically fixed for high performance independent environmental conditions, or it plastic maximize output under different conditions. In this study, we validated a new approach studying role adaptation local climate. based on high‐throughput...

According to the Norwegian Diversity Act, practitioners of restoration in Norway are instructed use seed mixtures local provenance. However, there no guidelines for how should be selected. In this study, we genetic variation a set alpine species (Agrostis mertensii, Avenella flexuosa, Carex bigelowii, Festuca ovina, Poa alpina and Scorzoneroides autumnalis) define transfer zones reduce confusion about definition 'local seeds'. The selected study common all parts suitable commercial...

Abstract Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy enables the chemical characterization and identification of pollen samples, leading to a wide range applications, such as paleoecology allergology. This is particular interest in grass (Poaceae) species since they have grains very similar morphology. Unfortunately, correct FTIR microspectroscopy spectra single hindered by strong spectral contributions from Mie scattering. Embedding samples paraffin helps retrieve without scattering...

Twelve Nordic cultivars and one Icelandic natural population of meadow fescue ( Festuca pratensis Huds.) were assessed by AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) marker technology to determine levels genetic diversity within relationships between populations. Three analyzed from each the countries (Norway, Finland, Sweden, Denmark), including germplasm long, medium, short antiquity. A total 253 plants 89 markers. substantial degree heterogeneity was uncovered, all individuals...

Semelparous annual plants flower a single time during their 1-yr life cycle, investing much of energy into rapid reproduction. By contrast, iteroparous perennial multiple times over several years, and partition resources between reproduction persistence. To which extent evolutionary transitions life-cycle strategies are internally constrained at the developmental, genetic phylogenetic level is unknown. Here we study evolution in grass subfamily Pooideae test if them facilitated by...

Examples of recurrent homoploid hybrid speciation are few. One often-cited example is Argyranthemum sundingii. This includes two described species, A. lemsii and sundingii, resulting from reciprocal hybridization between broussonetii frutescens on Tenerife. The four species artificial F1 F2 hybrids have previously been investigated morphologically cytologically. Here, we examine population differentiation based amplified fragment length polymorphism to get a better understanding the genetic...