One may have experienced his or her footsteps unconsciously synchronize with the of a friend while walking together, heard an audience's clapping hands naturally into steady rhythm. However, mechanisms body movement synchrony and role this phenomenon in implicit interpersonal interactions remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate unconscious changes as index interaction between participants also assess underlying neural correlates functional connectivity among within brain regions. found that...

Abstract Pointing with the index finger is a universal behavior. However, functional significance of indexical pointing has not been examined empirically. We efficacy various gestures in evoking viewer's attentional shifts. After viewing gesture cue, observers quickly reported location visual target. With short cue‐target delay, reaction times were generally shorter for target at where cues pointed, but long delay. Moreover, produced significantly larger cueing effect than other gestures....

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a procedure to polarize human brain. It has been reported that tDCS over the hand motor cortex transiently improves performance of tasks. Here, we investigated whether could also improve leg functions. Ten healthy subjects performed pinch force (PF) and reaction time (RT) tasks using left before, during after anodal, cathodal or sham cortex. The anodal enhanced maximal PF but not RT its application. Neither nor changed performance. None...

Two identical visual targets moving across each other can be perceived either to bounce off or stream through other. A brief sound at the moment coincide biases perception toward bouncing. We found that this bounce-inducing effect was attenuated when sounds (auditory flankers) were presented 300 ms before and after simultaneous sound. The attenuation occurred only auditory flankers had similar acoustic characteristics not salient. These results suggest there is an aspect of auditory-grouping...

Whole quinoa grain was separated into bran and milled grain, the perisperm embryo. The proximate composition of similar to that whole grain. protein lipid content embryo 57% total 49% lipid, respectively. Mineral analysis showed rich in K, Mg, Ca, P Fe. contained large oval starch aggregates 20–30 μm diameter polygonal granules around 1 diameter. Differential scanning calorimetry data indicated a gelatinization temperature 54.0 71.0°C enthalpy 11.0 J/g starch. water-soluble NaCl-soluble...

Background. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the motor cortex can enhance performance a paretic upper extremity after stroke. Reported effects on lower limb (LL) function are sparse. Objective. The authors examined whether tDCS increase force production quadriceps. Methods. In this double-blind, crossover, sham-controlled experimental design, 8 participants with chronic subcortical stroke performed knee extension using their hemiparetic leg before, during, and anodal or sham...

This study examines the assumptions, perceptions, and attitudes towards contemporary robots in different cultures. As culture affects way technology is perceived, it essential to explore psychological reactions through cultures designs of robots. Only a few studies have examined or dealt with assumptions specific culture. The present determines influence crucial factors like culture, prior exposure media, personal experiences emotions cultural differences between Europe Japan.

Visual working memory is an online workspace for temporarily representing visual information from the environment. The two most prevalent empirical characteristics of are that it supported by sustained neural activity over a delay period and has severely limited capacity multiple items simultaneously. Traditionally, such limits have been considered to be exclusive maintaining about objects no longer visible observers. Here, contrast, we provide both neurophysiological psychophysical evidence...

Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive procedure that achieves polarity-dependent modulation of neuronal membrane potentials. It has recently been used as functional intervention technique for the treatment psychiatric and neurological diseases; however, its mechanisms have not fully investigated in vivo.To investigate whether application cathodal or anodal tDCS affects extracellular dopamine serotonin levels rat striatum.Stimulation vivo microdialysis were carried...

Recent studies suggest that action video game players exhibit superior performance in visuospatial cognitive tasks compared with non-game players. However, the neural basis underlying this advantage remains largely unknown. The present human behavioral and imaging study gray matter volume experts non-experts using structural magnetic resonance voxel-based morphometry analysis. results revealed significantly larger right posterior parietal cortex non-experts. Furthermore, correlated...

People seem to miscalibrate their expectations and interactions with a robot. When it comes robot design, the anthropomorphism level of form (appearance) has become an increasingly important variable consider. It is argued here that people base perceptions on its attribute functions which do not necessarily mirror true The term function attribution bias (FFAB) refers cognitive occurs when are prone perceptual errors, leading biased interpretation robot's functionality. We argue rather than...

During joint action, two or more persons depend on each other to accomplish a goal. This mutual recursion, circular dependency, is one of the characteristics cooperation. To evaluate neural substrates cooperation, we conducted hyperscanning functional MRI study in which 19 dyads performed force-production task. The goal task was match their average grip forces target value (20% maximum forces) through visual feedback over 30-s period; required taking into account other-produced force...

The prospect of immediate reward elicits goal-oriented behavior. However, animals often have to perform actions that do not immediately lead in the pursuit a long-term goal. Here we identify neural activity monkey caudate nucleus specifically correlates with rewarded and unrewarded eye movements. performed visually guided saccade task which only one position was associated positive reinforcement. To advance experimental session, however, had no choice but complete an as well position. Some...

Antioxidant activity, antihypertensive activity and allergenicity of quinoa amaranth were investigated compared with those seven cereals: buckwheat, barley, wheat, rice, foxtail millet, Japanese millet millet. The radical scavenging activities 42.3 22.6 mg gallic acid equivalent/g, respectively; thus, the pseudocereals have stronger ability than cereals. On other hand, antioxidant against linoleic was not very strong. Quinoa exhibited high angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition...

Motor skill memory is first encoded online in a fragile form during practice and then converted into stable by offline consolidation, which the behavioral stage critical for successful learning. Praise, social reward, thought to boost motor learning increasing motivation, leads increased practice. However, effect of praise on consolidation unknown. Here, we tested hypothesis that following training directly facilitates consolidation. Forty-eight healthy participants were trained sequential...

A number of studies have shown that current-trial responses are biased toward the response preceding trial in perceptual decisionmaking tasks (the sequential effect-Holland and Lockhead, 1968 Perception & Psychophysics 3 409-414). The effect has been widely observed evaluation physical properties stimuli as well more complex properties. However, it is unclear whether subjective decisions (e.g., attractiveness judgments) also susceptible to effect. Here, we examined would occur...

Visual images that are not faces sometimes perceived as (the pareidolia phenomenon). While the phenomenon provides people with a strong impression face is present, it unclear how deeply processed faces. In present study, we examined whether shift in spatial attention would be produced by gaze cueing of face-like objects. A robust effect was observed when objects were The magnitude comparable between and cartoon face. However, eliminated observer did perceive These results demonstrated do...

Significance We created a digital audio platform to covertly modify the emotional tone of participants’ voices while they talked toward happiness, sadness, or fear. Independent listeners perceived transformations as natural examples speech, but participants remained unaware manipulation, indicating that we are not continuously monitoring our own signals. Instead, consequence listening their altered voices, state changed in congruence with emotion portrayed. This result is first evidence,...

Muscular control during walking is believed to be simplified by the coactivation of muscles called muscle synergies. Although significant corticomuscular connectivity has been reported, level at which cortical activity involved in (muscle synergy or individual level) remains unclear. Here we examined correlates activation brain decoding synergies and from electroencephalographic signals. We demonstrated that locomotor was decoded slow waves. In addition, accuracy for greater than based on...

Identical visual targets moving across each other with equal and constant speed can be perceived either to bounce off or stream through other. This bistable motion perception has been studied mostly in the context of integration. Since most ambiguous is affected by attention, there possibility attentional modulation occurring this case as well. We investigated whether distraction attention from would alter relative frequency percept. During observation streaming/bouncing event peripheral...