Abstract Although recent vertebrate studies have revealed that different spinal networks are recruited in locomotor mode- and speed-dependent manners, it is unknown whether humans share similar neural mechanisms. Here, we tested speed- mode-dependence the recruitment of human exists or not by statistically extracting networks. From electromyographic activity during walking running over a wide speed range, modules generating basic patterns muscle activities were extracted using non-negative...

Split-belt treadmill walking has been extensively utilized as a useful model to reveal the adaptability of human bipedal locomotion. While previous studies have clearly identified different types locomotor adaptation, such reactive and predictive adjustments, details how gait pattern would be adjusted are not fully understood. To gain further knowledge strategies underlying split-belt we examined three-dimensional ground reaction forces (GRF) lower limb muscle activities during after in 22...

Direct evidence supporting the contribution of upper limb motion on generation locomotive motor output in humans is still limited. Here, we aimed to examine effect locomotor-like muscle activities lower persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). By imposing passive locomotion-like leg movements, all cervical incomplete ( n = 7) and thoracic complete SCI subjects 5) exhibited activity their paralyzed soleus muscles. Upper movements did not affect electromyographic (EMG) pattern activities. This...

The delay of the sensory-motor feedback loop is a destabilizing factor within neural control mechanism quiet standing. purposes this study were 1) to experimentally identify neuromusculoskeletal torque-generation process during standing posture and 2) investigate effect induced by system on balance Ten healthy adults participated in study. ankle torque, angle, electromyograms from right lower leg muscles measured. A ground-fixed support device was used subject at his/her knees, without...

Muscular control during walking is believed to be simplified by the coactivation of muscles called muscle synergies. Although significant corticomuscular connectivity has been reported, level at which cortical activity involved in (muscle synergy or individual level) remains unclear. Here we examined correlates activation brain decoding synergies and from electroencephalographic signals. We demonstrated that locomotor was decoded slow waves. In addition, accuracy for greater than based on...

The adaptability of human bipedal locomotion has been studied using split-belt treadmill walking. Most previous studies utilized experimental protocol under remarkably different split ratios (e.g. 1:2, 1:3, or 1:4). While, there is limited research with regard to adaptive process the small speed ratios. It important know nature ratio smaller than because systematic evaluation gait adaptation moderate would enable us examine relative contribution two forms (reactive feedback and predictive...

It is now well recognized that muscle activity can be induced even in the paralyzed lower limb muscles of persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) by imposing locomotion-like movements on both their legs. Although significant role afferent input related to hip joint movement and body load has been emphasized considerably previous studies, contribution “alternate” leg pattern not fully investigated. This study was designed investigate what extent alternate influenced this “locomotor-like”...

A number of orthoses have been developed to restore stance and walking in paraplegic subjects. Compliance, however, has limited, mainly owing effort. Use the forces produced by actuators is an effective way solve problem considerable effort required for orthotic gait, namely high muscular energy expenditure. The purpose present study was investigate effects assistance external on gait spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. Two kinds linear actuator were using direct current (d.c.) motors...

Motivated by a prior successful randomized controlled trial showing that functional electrical stimulation (FES) therapy can restore voluntary arm and hand function in people with severe stroke, this study was designed to examine neuromuscular changes the upper limb following intensive FES therapy, consisting of task-specific upper-limb movements combination preprogrammed manual assisted motion.The patient 22-year-old woman who had suffered haemorrhagic stroke 2 years earlier. administered...

Myoelectric prosthetic hands provide an appearance with five fingers and a grasping function to forearm amputees. However, they have problems in weight, appearance, cost. This paper reports on the Rehand, realistic electric hand created 3D printer. It provides that is same as cosmetic function. A simple link mechanism one linear actuator for printed parts achieve low cost, light ease of maintenance. An operating system based distance sensor natural operability equivalent myoelectric control...

Recent studies have revealed that the stretch reflex responses of both ankle flexor and extensor muscles are coaugmented in early stance phase human walking, suggesting these contribute to secure foot stabilization around heel strike. To test whether mediated by pathway actually induced when supportive surface is suddenly destabilized, we investigated electromyographic (EMG) after a sudden drop at walking. While subjects walked on walkway, specially designed movable was unexpectedly dropped...

The two major modes of locomotion in humans, walking and running, may be regarded as a function different speed (walking slower running faster). Recent results using motor learning tasks well more direct evidence from animal models, advocate for independence the neural control mechanisms underlying tasks. In current study, we investigated possible human running. Subjects were tested on split-belt treadmill adapted to or an asymmetrically driven surface. Despite acquisition asymmetrical...

While previous studies have shown that muscle stretching suppresses monosynaptic spinal reflex excitability in stretched muscles, its effects on non-stretched muscles is still largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the muscles. Ten healthy male subjects participated study. Muscle right triceps surae performed using a motor torque device for 1 minute. Three different dorsiflexion torques (at approximately 5, 10, and 15 Nm) were applied during stretching. Spinal reflexes...

Unilateral spatial neglect is a common neurological syndrome following predominantly right hemispheric stroke. While most patients lack insight into their behaviour and do not initiate compensatory behaviours in the early recovery phase, some recognize it start to pay attention towards neglected space. We aimed characterize visual capacity with unilateral specific focus on cortical processes underlying gaze shift space during process. Based Behavioural Inattention Test score presence or...

There are body-powered hooks and myoelectric prosthetic hands that trans-radial amputees can use for work. Though the have good workability complex operations, design of hook is unappealing harness cumbersome. The hand has a natural appearance similar to human intuitive operability using control system. However, it expensive heavy. Because these problems associated with prostheses work, many cosmetic prostheses. In this paper, we report lightweight, low-cost electric prosthesis three opposed...

Coordinated locomotor muscle activity is generated by the spinal central pattern generators (CPGs). Vertebrate studies have demonstrated following two characteristics of speed control mechanisms CPGs: (i) rostral segment activation indispensable for achieving high-speed locomotion; and (ii) specific combinations between interneuronal modules motoneuron (MN) pools are sequentially activated with increasing speed. Here, to investigate whether similar exist in humans, we examined neural during...