Gene expression profiles of Escherichia coli K-12 W3110 were compared as a function steady-state external pH. Cultures grown to an optical density at 600 nm 0.3 in potassium-modified Luria-Bertani medium buffered pH 5.0, 7.0, and 8.7. For each the three conditions, cDNA from RNA five independent cultures was hybridized Affymetrix E. arrays. Analysis variance with alpha level 0.001 resulted 98% power detect genes showing twofold difference expression. Normalized indices calculated for gene...

Histone acetylation was significantly increased in retinas from diabetic rats, and this inhibited diabetics treated with minocycline, a drug known to inhibit early retinopathy animals. expression of inflammatory proteins that have been implicated the pathogenesis were likewise cultured retinal Müller glia grown diabetes-like concentration glucose. Both induction elevated glucose levels by inhibitors histone acetyltransferase (garcinol antisense against acetylase, p300) or activators...

Abstract Background In Escherichia coli , pH regulates genes for amino-acid and sugar catabolism, electron transport, oxidative stress, periplasmic envelope proteins. Many pH-dependent are co-regulated by anaerobiosis, but the overall intersection of stress oxygen limitation has not been investigated. Results The dependence gene expression was analyzed in oxygen-limited cultures E. K-12 strain W3110. W3110 cultured closed tubes containing LBK broth buffered at 5.7, 7.0, 8.5. Affymetrix array...

The purpose of this study was to compare the ultrastructural appearance and protein expression zygomaticotemporal branch trigeminal nerve in patients with without migraine headaches.After confirmation headache diagnosis on 15 patients, a 5-mm segment that is routinely removed during surgery compared similarly sized segments obtained from control history headaches, who underwent an endoscopic forehead lift where transected. were snap-frozen at -80°C for downstream proteomics analysis. In...

RATIONALE Stable isotope analysis in ecological studies is usually conducted on biomaterials, e.g. muscle and blood, that require catching the animals. Feces are rarely used for stable analysis, despite possibility of non‐invasive sampling short‐term responsiveness to dietary changes. This promising method neglected due a lack calibration experiments unknown diet‐feces isotopic difference ( Δ ). METHODS To fill this gap, we simulated trophic changes occurring nature when animals switch...

ABSTRACT During aerobic growth of Escherichia coli , expression catabolic enzymes and envelope periplasmic proteins is regulated by pH. Additional modes pH regulation were revealed under anaerobiosis. E. K-12 strain W3110 was cultured anaerobically in broth medium buffered at 5.5 or 8.5 for protein identification on proteomic two-dimensional gels. A total 32 from anaerobic cultures show pH-dependent expression, only four these (DsbA, TnaA, GatY, HdeA) showed aerated cultures. The levels 19...

Stable isotope and fatty acid signatures of biomaterials can provide important information about the dietary niche animals. differ between aquatic terrestrial food webs, therefore be used to assess contributions diets species. We studied faecal samples three co-occurring bat species with known differences in feeding preferences. The aim was whether stable faeces determine because they easily non-invasively collected. hypothesised that will reveal terrestrial, mixed niches Myotis myotis, M....

Detailed knowledge about claw formation and growth rate is a prerequisite for the interpretation of avian stable isotopes, as commonly done with feather isotopes to e.g. infer habitat use, dietary specialisations, spatial occurrence. In this study, we provide basic information empirical evidence time scale archiving isotopic develop reliable assessment archived pattern in claws passerines. Avian grow conically from tip bone phalanx. The length an claw, suitable isotope analysis, 42 ± 6.8%...

Protein expression profiles in rat bladder smooth muscle were compared between animal models of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (STZ-DM) and age-matched controls at 1 week 2 months after induction hyperglycemia with STZ treatment. At each time point, protein samples from four STZ-DM control tissues prepared independently analyzed together across multiple DIGE gels using a pooled internal standard sample to quantify changes statistical confidence. A total 100 spots determined be...

Stable nitrogen (δ 15 N), carbon 13 C) and hydrogen (δD) isotope profiles in feathers of nine migratory bird species trapped Kenya were examined to test the extent which they segregated, geographically or by habitat, during an earlier autumn migration stopover northeast Africa. We whether isotopic differences between varied years, individual appeared be consistent. The relationship mean feather δ C, N δD assorted migrants into several clustered groups. Similar values among successive years...

Based on phenology, passage and median dates gathered from large number of study sites, we measured autumn spring migration speeds eleven long distance migratory passerines in four different ecogeographic sectors: Europe, desert, north‐eastern eastern Africa. Results demonstrate that, during the southward migration, late‐departing species, such as lesser whitethroat Sylvia curruca , garden warbler S. borin spotted flycatcher Muscicapa striata willow Phylloscopus trochilus cover their route...

Protein expression profiles in rat corporal smooth muscle tissue were compared between animal models of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (STZ-DM) and age-matched controls (AMCs) at 1 week 2 months after induction hyperglycemia with STZ treatment. At each time point, protein samples from four STZ-DM AMC corpora tissues prepared independently analyzed together across multiple quantitative two-dimensional gels using a pooled internal standard sample to quantify changes statistical...

Abstract Background Polyamines such as spermine and spermidine are required for growth of Escherichia coli ; they interact with nucleic acids, bind to ribosomes. block porins decrease membrane permeability, activities that may protect cells in acid. At high concentrations, however, polyamines impair growth. They more severely at pH, probably due their increased uptake membrane-permeant weak bases. The role pH is critical understanding polyamine stress. Results effect was tested on survival...

Parasites can have strong effects on host life-history and behaviour, result in changes population dynamics community structure. We applied a PCR-based technique examined prevalence of malaria related haemosporidian parasites two arctic breeding shorebird species: the Semipalmated Sandpiper (Calidris pusilla) Pectoral (C. melanotos). During non-breeding season, Sandpipers inhabit coastal marine habitats, whereas are found inland areas. In accordance with hypothesis that risk parasite...

Using the body mass estimates of 12 long-distance migrating Palearctic passerine species monitored at successive sites across Eastern Africa flyway, we tested whether birds modulate their according to specific seasonal demands different geographic sectors. We compared latitudinal distances and sectors in Europe, desert, Northeast East Africa. Our results show that, depending on season considered, average increase or decrease is variable among By comparing variation between ecological...

It is widely accepted that animal distribution and migration strategy might have co-evolved in relation to selection pressures exerted by parasites. Here, we first determined the prevalence types of malaria blood parasites a breeding population great reed warblers Acrocephalus arundinaceus using PCR. Secondly, tested for differences individual feather stable isotope signatures (delta (13)C, delta (15)N, deltaD (34)S) investigate whether infected non-infected birds had occupied different...

What’s known on the subject? and What does study add? Diabetes is a common precursor for ladder pathology, including detrusor overactivity cystopathy. There preliminary, but increasing evidence, suggesting that oxidative stress plays significant role in development of diabetic complications its affect bladder. In present we investigated effect streptozotocin induced‐diabetes rats global expression genes rat bladder using microarray analysis, combined this data with our previously reported...

Abstract Background Recent increases in understanding the ecological and evolutionary roles of microbial communities have underscored importance their hosts’ biology. Yet, little is known about gut microbiota dynamics during early stages diversification speciation. We sequenced V4 region 16s rRNA gene to study Nicaraguan Midas cichlid fish ( Amphilophus cf. citrinellus ). Specifically, we tested hypothesis that parallel divergence trophic ecology extremely young adaptive radiations from two...

Identifying the molecular mechanisms facilitating adaptation to new environments is a key question in evolutionary biology, especially face of current rapid and human-induced changes. Translocations have become an important tool for species conservation, but attendant small population sizes ecological pressures might affect phenotypic genotypic variation trajectories dramatically unknown ways. In Scotland, European whitefish (

Summary Photosynthetic carbon fixation is often limited by CO 2 availability, which led to the evolution of concentrating mechanisms (CCMs). Some diatoms possess CCMs that employ biochemical bicarbonate, similar C 4 plants, but whether are commonly found in a subject debate. In diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum , phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) present two isoforms, PEPC1 plastids and PEPC2 mitochondria. We used real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blots, enzymatic...

The potential use of stable nitrogen (δ 15 N), carbon 13 C) and hydrogen (δD) isotope ratios in feathers marsh warblers Acrocephalus palustris , river Locustella fluviatilis whitethroats Sylvia communis was evaluated as a means to help identify the location isotopic composition autumn stopover sites northeast Africa. Feather δD values were compared with regional precipitation maps averaged over months. Compared whitethroats, feather δ N, C, suggest two occupy grow their geographic locations...

Migratory divides represent narrow zones of overlap between parapatric populations with distinct migration directions and, consequently, expected divergent non‐breeding distributions. The composition the mixed population at a migratory divide and corresponding ranges remain, however, unknown for many Palaearctic‐African migrants. Here, we used light‐level geolocation to track direction grounds Eurasian reed warblers Acrocephalus scirpaceus from three breeding across species’ divide....