Overweight and obesity in children adolescents are on the increase worldwide.Overweight risk for development of non-communicable diseases during childhood adolescence, predispose individual to overweight, obesity,ardiovascular disease, metabolic other disorders adulthood.In Africa number overweight or obese has doubled since 1990. In South Africa,overweight increase, but prevalencevaries with age, gender population group. These differences important when intervention programmes policies...

Quantification of cardiac autonomic activity and control via heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) is known to provide prognostic information in clinical populations. Issues with regard standardization interpretation HRV data make the use more easily accessible HR on its own as an indicator very appealing. The aim this study was investigate strength associations between important cardio vascular health metric such VO2max following: HR, indicators, normalized indicators. A cross sectional...

Worldwide female participation in ultra-endurance events may place them at risk for the athlete triad (FAT). The study objectives were to establish knowledge, occurrence of disordered eating and amongst participants 2014 89-km Comrades Marathon event.A survey utilising Low Energy Availability Females questionnaire (LEAF-Q) Female Athlete Screening Tool (FAST) was conducted on order determine risk. In addition, seven questions pertaining asked athlete's knowledge triad. Athletes requested...

Elephant and impala as intermediate feeders, having a mixed diet of grass browse, respond to seasonal fluctuations forage quality by changing their composition. We tested the hypotheses that (1) decrease in is accompanied change from more monocots wet season dicots dry pronounced faster than elephant; (2) mopane (Colophospermum mopane), most abundant dicot species, important species elephant woodland, whereas feed relatively less on due high condensed tannin concentration; (3) nutrient-rich...

The effect of exercise interventions on autonomic nervous system (ANS) control the heart by rate variability (HRV) is often investigated in just one position. It was hypothesized that results exercise-induced changes ANS are dependent body position and it possible to distinguish between induced vagal sympathetic influence taking measurements different positions.One hundred eighty-three (male = 100, female 83) healthy volunteers, 18 22 years, participated a prospective twelve week medium high...

Vegetation monitoring, currently complemented by climatic data in particular rainfall areas, does not always supply sufficient information to provide reliable guidelines for appropriate stocking densities on ranch or reserve scale. This paper considers how the nutrient status of animals may be used improve setting management reflecting wild herbivores perform under differing environmental and conditions. Faecal nitrogen concentrations between 13 16 g kg−1 are above a threshold level that...

Background: Various disciplines use quantification of heart rate variability (HRV) as an indicator autonomic function without recognizing the importance using standardized methodologies. The aim this study was to assess influence tachogram length and period recording on HRV values. Methods: To test time, values calculated from 180, 300, 420, 600 seconds periods (supine standing) were compared. Also individual 3‐ minute (0–180 seconds, 180–360 360–540 seconds) 10‐minute tachograms Results: In...

Faecal phosphorous and nitrogen can be used as indicators of the nutritive content veld. Dietary P concentrations predicted with reasonable accuracy from faecal in faeces caged impala rams using a simple linear regression model, Y = 0.393X (r2 0.97). This holds whether are grazing or browsing well for high low levels intake. The equation prediction dietary zebra, blue wildebeest cattle, did not differ significantly this combined could formulated. A concentration less than 2 g P/kg OM would...

Abstract Aim To determine if there is a difference between autonomic cardiac control as measured by heart rate variability ( HRV ) in women with rheumatoid arthritis RA compared to healthy group. Methods The group (45) and (39) were matched for age body mass index BMI ). Three techniques used: time domain, frequency domain P oincarè plot analysis. All possible confounding factors excluded the test environment strictly regulated. Results Basal was significantly higher patients. In supine...

Faecal N and P were used as primary indicators of nutritive quality the veld in relation to migratory movements major grazers, browsers selective feeders. concentrations these nutrients shown be different between species, land- scapes, grass, browse grass plus browse, seasons soil types, i.e. granite vs. basalt. w/ere well correlated with condition animals, because southern Combretum on was apparently better than other areas 1992-1993, also influx buffalo, blue wildebeest kudu into areas.

The conservation of rare antelope has long been one the goals Kruger National Park. roan Hippotragus equinus, and to a lesser extent tsessebe Damaliscus lunatus, represent low-density species or in park. Specific management approaches representing older equilibrium approach, have employed conserve these antelope. Of these, supply artificial water over many decades was most resource intensive. sudden, severe drop population towards end 1980s unexpected and, retrospectively, attributed...

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect exercise on cardiac autonomic function as measured by short-term heart rate variability (HRV) in females suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Females with confirmed RA were randomly assigned an group (RAE) and a sedentary (RAC). RAE was required train under supervision two three times per week, for 3 months. Three techniques (time domain, frequency domain Poincaré plot analyses) used measure HRV at baseline completion. At baseline,...

Impala are known to exhibit dietary flexibility, relying primarily on browse in some areas and graze others. In this study we use stable isotope analysis of faeces hair examine the diets Kruger National Park. As expected, data show that mixed-feeders highly distinct from grazing buffalo browsing kudu. Moreover, Impala, Buffalo, Kudu contain 2.1 %, 1.4 2.9 % nitrogen respectively, suggesting intermediate quality. There also marked differences between populations northern southern regions...

Abstract Grant, CC, Mongwe, L, Janse van Rensburg, DC, Fletcher, Wood, PS, Terblanche, E, and du Toit, PJ. The difference between exercise-induced autonomic fitness changes measured after 12 20 weeks of medium-to-high intensity military training. J Strength Cond Res 30(9): 2453–2459, 2016—The aim this study was to compare the physical fitness, based on VO 2 max cardiac changes, by heart rate variability (HRV) with training in South African National Defence Force. Recruits ( n = 154)...

Mixed gender basic military training (BMT) is adopted to integrate the female South African soldier into military. This study aimed assess differences before, during (12 weeks), and after a 20-week mixed BMT course determine if significantly reduced these differences.A total of 186 soldiers (114 male: mean age = 21.0 ± 1.1 year; 72 female: 20.5 1.2 year) completed all anthropometric, physical fitness, explosive power, hand grip strength measurements. Repeated-measures analysis variance was...

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to assess whole body and regional soft tissue mass, fat mass lean compositional changes in 68 female recruits (age 20.8 ± 1.14 years; 59.5 8.79 kg; stature 159.57 5.53 cm) pre- post 12-weeks of military basic training. A decrease total (10.2%) percent (10.9%) measured with an increase (8.7%). Of interest were the differences responses composition arms (16.2% loss 11.6% gain mass), trunk (17.0% a 10.4% mass) legs (10.5% but no change mass)....

A precipitous drop in rare antelope numbers specifically roan (<i>Hippotragus equinis</i>) sable niger</i>) and tsessebe (<i>Damaliscus lunatus</i>) since 1986 has become one of the main concerns management. The zebra (<i>Equus burchelli</i>) population preferred habitats these species had increased with development artificial waterpoints especially areas occupied by tsessebe, events are hypothesised to be cause decline. Closure resulted moving...

Seeds of Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens (red brome, an exotic annual grass in the Mojave Desert), from parents grown at three CO2 levels (360, 550, and 700 μmol mol−1), were factorial mol−1) nutrient (zero addition, 1:40‐strength, 1:10‐strength Hoagland's solution) environments to evaluate parental effects on offspring performance characteristics across a range developmental environments. We evaluated growth rate, leaf nitrogen content, photosynthetic gas exchange over 3‐wk period. Seedlings...