Concern over the reliability of conventional poverty studies has focused attention on need to demonstrate that those identified as poor are actually experiencing hardship. This paper takes a step in this direction by examining using living standards approach derived from literature deprivation and social exclusion. Deprivation – defined an enforced lack socially perceived necessities emerged way identifying who is missing out what community regards (or essentials) life. Social exclusion...

The main aim of this paper has been to summarize the impact noncash income–health and health education benefits, imputed rent‐on living standards, income distribution poverty in seven nations at beginning 1980s using Luxembourg Income Study database. Our results do not give rise a pattern national differences rates or inequality which are markedly different from that emerges previous LIS research based on cash alone. While these may be sensitive techniques used measure value benefits paper,...

This paper begins by describing the origins of a social security system that was based on series institutional splits resulted in development fragmented characterized inequity and incomplete coverage. The entitlements embedded this have proved difficult to revise light changing circumstances pressures associated with economic transition, demographic change newly emerging problems open unemployment urban poverty. These developments, particularly latter, are creating new demands already...

Australian research on poverty and income distribution has been subject to criticism over definitional, data quality measurement issues that have undermined its validity impact. In reviewing these issues, this paper addresses some of the problems identified in literature illustrates their importance with examples shed light arguments. It also seeks establish whether increased or decreased decade 2002–03 examines overlap between hardship deprivation poverty, reviews emerging evidence dynamics...

ABSTRACT This paper presents data on the size and growth of general government expenditures receipts relative to GDP in OECD countries over 1960–81 period. A feature these trends is widespread appearance budget deficits mid-seventies, following sharp increase two years immediately after first oil shock 1973. Having presented data, tests several hypotheses relating macroeconomic performance using an international cross-section framework. The economic indicators used are rate growth, consumer...

Both disability and poverty have been the subject of extensive research, although relatively few Australian studies examined relationship between them. Most make no allowance for higher needs (and costs) associated with disability, while focused on among disabled. Yet often leads to greater need this will increase risk poverty. This paper uses data from 1998–99 Household Expenditure Survey estimate costs using a ‘standard living’ approach these estimates compare rates those without...

In this paper we present results on the distribution of income in Australia and New Zealand that can be compared with those for a range other advanced countries. The framework analysis, concepts definitions used have been developed as part Luxembourg Income Study (LIS). Using data early 1980s, indicate distributions are not, previous research has suggested, more equal than Neither country an equivalent net family inequality ranking top half eight countries studied. Further analysis indicates...

ABSTRACT The Australian income support system is often characterised as one of the most selective in Western industrialised world. This paper examines sense which selective, and discusses distinction between selectivity targeting provisions. Developments social security outlays recipient numbers over last two decades are compared with those occurring since 1983, order that nature impact recent policies introduced to increase can be identified. analysis indicates increases have been dominant...

Controversy over the setting of poverty lines and its narrow focus on income has undermined influence research policy. The deprivation approach overcomes these limitations by identifying as an inability to afford items that receive majority support for being essential. This paper estimates incidence compares results with those produced using a conventional framework. confirm overseas findings showing groups most deprived differ from highest rates there is low degree overlap between...

Abstract Despite high and rising real incomes, the poverty rate in H ong K remains a cause of community concern. The government has been reluctant to set line, although recently (re‐)established Commission on Poverty recommended that line for is developed. Against this background, article reports results derived from new deprivation study designed shed light living standards poorest community. Reflecting international studies, identified as existing when people do not have cannot afford...

The subjective poverty line methodology derives a from responses to question asking people how much money they need in order make ends meet. In this paper, we explore the relevance and implications of approach using sample survey data for Australia Sweden derived specifically purpose. We apply identical techniques two sets compare contrast resulting lines, before exploring their sensitivity changes methods used derive them. Finally, analysis focuses on companson characteristics those...

Abstract As in many other countries, the eighties have seen re-emergence of poverty as a political issue Australia. Rising unemployment and increased incidence sole parenthood put more children at risk poverty, development which has prompted policy concern. This paper presents estimates structure Australia 1981–82, 1985–86 1989–90, using standard developed by Poverty Commission seventies. The for 1989–90 are based on data generated from 1986 Income Distribution Survey microsimulation model...