SUMMARYA field experiment was conducted over two growing seasons to determine the combined effect of crop load and irrigation on yield components olive trees (Olea europaea L. 'Leccino') planted at 6 m 3.8 in a sandy-clay soil. Different loads were established by manual thinning fruits. Drip managed maintain pre-dawn leaf water-potentials (PLWP) within following ranges: (i) higher than –1.1 MPa (FI; fully irrigated); (ii) between –1.0 –3.3 (DI; deficit or (iii) below –1.2 MPa, but not lower...

A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive growing seasons to determine and quantify the growth response of olive (Olea europaea L. cv. Leccino) fruit its component tissues tree water status. Pre-dawn leaf potential (Ψw) volume were measured at about weekly intervals, fresh weight (FW) dry (DW) 15, 20 21 weeks after full bloom (AFB). Fruit anatomical sections prepared 8, 15 AFB for area determinations cell counts. well-watered trees (average Ψw = −0.97 MPa) increased rapidly...

Water deficit was applied between 4 and 9 weeks after full bloom by withholding irrigation from 3-year-old Olea europaea L. (`Leccino') plants grown in 2 L containers a greenhouse. At 6, 8, 22 (AFB), fruit were sampled for fresh weight volume determinations, then fixed anatomical studies. Structural observations measurements performed on transverse sections at the point of widest diameter using image analysis. AFB produced significant decrease predawn leaf water potential, which reached...

Abstract In drupe‐type fruits, pit hardening, resulting from sclerification of the fruit endocarp, is widely used as a phenological marker for both physiological studies and orchard management. spite importance hardening understanding development processes agricultural practices, however, its quantification has remained obscure precision been lost with time lax usage. this study, we mechanical device to measure physical pressure required break olive in order define timing more precisely...

Root-knot nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne are recognised worldwide as a major production constraint in crops primary economic importance. Knowledge their diversity and prevalence, well environmental agronomical cues for understanding distribution specific areas is vital importance designing control measures to reduce significant damage. We provide first detailed information on diversity, levels species infecting wild cultivated olive soils wide-region southern Spain that included 499...

Incidence and nematode population densities of plant-parasitic nematodes were determined in 64 samples soil grapevine roots collected from commercial vineyards southern Spain between October 2003 May 2005. In addition, a histopathological study was done root-stock naturally infected by root-knot (Meloidogyne spp.). Nematodes infecting the rootstocks identified according to conventional procedures, Meloidogyne spp. furthermore sequence characterized amplified region-polymerase chain reaction...

SummaryTemperature is one of the most important factors controlling plant growth and development. Knowledge effects temperature on plants vital if crop management strategies are to be optimised best varieties chosen for local conditions. As global warming now becoming patent, it even more critical that we should understand how affects growth. In this study, degree-day (DD) accumulation was used establish influence flowering, vegetative growth, fruit in olive. The results show timing olive...

Verticillium wilt caused by dahliae is a disease highly prevalent in newly established olive orchards Andalucía, southern Spain. Two syndromes of the occur Andalucia, namely apoplexy and slow decline. Apoplexy characterized quick dieback twigs branches while decline consists rapid drying out inflorescences together with leaf chlorosis necrosis. Systematic observations carried two experimental planted susceptible cv. Picual indicated that natural recovery diseased trees occurred over time....

Nematode population densities were determined in 259 soil and root samples collected from 18 olive nurseries Córdoba, Jaén, Sevilla provinces (southern Spain), between October 1997 May 1998. The most important plant-parasitic nematodes detected, order of decreasing frequency infestation (percentage samples), Mesocriconema xenoplax (39.0%), Pratylenchus penetrans (32.1%), P. vulnus (25.9%), Meloidogyne incognita (14.7%), M. javanica (11.2%), arenaria (2.7%). No disease symptoms noted on...

Winter rest and release of axillary buds from dormancy have been frequently noted but scarcely studied systematically in the olive tree (Olea europaea L). A series experiments was carried out over three consecutive fall-winter periods, with one-node three-node leafy defoliated explants shoots sampled nonbearing (OFF) bearing (ON) trees forced a growth chamber at different constant temperatures (12.5, 15, 20 30 °C). Buds acquired reproductive budburst capacity after period chilling...

SUMMARYThe effects of temperature on the progamic phase, fertilization and initial fruit set in cross pollinated olives were studied to determine reasons for poor when high temperatures occur during bloom period. Fruit 'Manzanillo' olive was completely inhibited at 30°C constant temperature. This significantly reduced pollen germination but did not prevent tube growth. Ovule penetration by observed 47% flowers 30°C; however, lack growth both functional ovules ovaries suggests problems zygote...

The dramatic postanthesis flower and fruit abscission in olive was found to consist of two distinct but overlapping phases for ovaries following the imperfect flowers. Imperfect peaked 8 days after full bloom (FB), while perfect greatest between 13 15 FB. Ovary abscission, expressed as percent abscising per day (relative rate), 21 first ovary phase includes fertilized unfertilized ovaries. second occurs once early growth is progress, suggesting a possible role substrate competition.

The relationship between tissue size and cell number in the ovary fruit, was studied eight olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars with different fruit size. All tissues increased increasing Tissue fruits correlated for both mesocarp endocarp, but correlations: grew about twice as much per unit of initial volume ovary. also In this case, a single regression fitted all data pooled endocarp mesocarp, implying that similar mass obtained ovary, independent cultivars. relative growth from bloom to...