Abstract Giant viruses ( Nucleocytoviricota ) are significant lethality agents of various eukaryotic hosts. Although metagenomics indicates their ubiquitous distribution, available giant virus isolates restricted to a very small number protist and algal Here we report on the first viral isolate that replicates in amoeboflagellate Naegleria . This genus comprises notorious human pathogen fowleri , causative agent rare but fatal primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. We have elucidated structure...

Naegleria fowleri, known as the brain-eating amoeba, is pathogen that causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), a severe neurodegenerative disease with fatality rate exceeding 95%. Moreover, PAM cases commonly involved previous activities in warm freshwater bodies allow amoebae-containing water through nasal passages. Hence, awareness among healthcare professionals and general public are key to contribute higher faster number of diagnoses worldwide. Current treatment options for PAM,...

Among the pathogenic free-living amoebae (FLA), Naegleria fowleri is etiological agent of a fatal disease known as primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). Once infection begins, lesions generated in central nervous system (CNS) result onset symptoms leading to death short period time. Currently, there no standardized treatment against infection, which, due high virulence parasite, results case fatality rate (>97%). Therefore, it essential search for new therapeutic sources that can...

Introduction Free-living amoebae are an extensive group of protistans that can be found in a wide variety environments. Among them, the Acanthamoeba genus and Naegleria fowleri stand out as two most pathogenic with higher number reported cases. N. is mainly warm freshwater water bodies whereas broadly distributed through natural anthropogenic In this regard, management control amoebic populations swimming pools has become major public health challenge for institutions. Methods The aim work...

Abstract Primary amoebic encephalitis (PAM) is a lethal disease caused by the opportunistic pathogen, Naegleria fowleri . This species able to live freely in warm aquatic habitats and infect children young adults when they perform risk activities these water bodies such as swimming or splashing. Besides need increase awareness of PAM which will allow an early diagnosis, development fully effective therapeutic agents needed. Current treatment options are amphotericin B miltefosine not also...

Naegleria fowleri is an opportunistic protozoon that can be found in warm water bodies. It the causative agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. Focused on our interest to develop promising lead structures for development antiparasitic agents, this study was aimed at identifying new anti-Naegleria marine natural products from a collection chamigrane-type sesquiterpenes with structural variety levels saturation, halogenation and oxygenation isolated Laurencia dendroidea. (+)-Elatol (1)...

Naegleria fowleri is an opportunistic pathogenic free-living amoeba which able to rapidly colonize the central nervous system (CNS) and causes a lethal infection known as primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). Furthermore, more than 98% of cases PAM are fatal affect mainly children under 12 young adults. Until now, no fully effective therapeutic agents against N. available hence urgent need find novel treat PAM. At present, therapy based on combination amphotericin B, miltefosine, among...

Naegleria fowleri is the causative agent of a type encephalitis called Primary Amoebic Encephalitis (PAM). Almost 98 % PAM cases reported worldwide are fatal and affect mostly immunocompetent children young adults. The current therapeutic option against includes combination miltefosine, amphotericin B other drugs which unfortunately associated with severe side effects. In recent study in our group, statins were tested vitro trophozoites showing activity these pathogens at low concentrations...

Naegleria fowleri is the causative agent primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), a fatal disease in more than 90% of reported cases that affects central nervous system. The amoeba infects nasal cavity mostly children and young adults who report previous aquatic exposure warm water sources. rapid progression lack effective safety therapeutic options make search new anti-amoebic compounds an urgent issue. In this study, twelve sesquiterpene lactones isolated from zoanthid Palythoa aff....

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a central nervous system (CNS) disease caused by Naegleria fowleri that mainly affects children and young adults with fatal consequences in most of the cases. Treatment protocols are based on combination different antimicrobial agents, nonetheless there need to develop new anti-Naegleria compounds low toxicity full effects compared currently used drug combination. The marine environment well-established source bioactive natural products. In this...

Naegleria fowleri is a pathogenic amoeba that causes fulminant and rapidly progressive disease affecting the central nervous system called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). Moreover, fatal in more than 97% of reported cases, mostly children young people after practicing aquatic activities nontreated fresh warm water bodies contaminated with these amoebae. Currently, treatment based on combination different antibiotics antifungals, which are not entirely effective lead to numerous...

Indolocarbazoles are a family of natural alkaloids characterized by their potent protein kinase and topoisomerase I inhibitory activity. Among them, staurosporine (1) has exhibited promising activity against parasites. Based on new insights the mechanism action STS in Acanthamoeba parasites, this work reports isolation, identification, anti-Acanthamoeba minor metabolites 7-oxostaurosporine (2), 4'-demethylamino-4'-oxostaurosporine (3), streptocarbazole B (4), isolated from cultures mangrove...

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), caused by the pathogenic free-living amoeba Naegleria fowleri, is a rare but fatal disease. Nowadays, no fully effective therapy available to erradicate or prevent this Natural products could constitute promising source of useful bioactive compounds in drug discovery. The present study characterization main active from ethanolic extract Inula viscosa (Asteraceae) leaves against N. fowleri trophozoites. Four (1–4) were successfully identified...

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a lethal and rapid infection that affects the central nervous system caused by free-living amoeba Naegleria fowleri. The life cycle of this protozoa consists three different stages: trophozoite, flagellate cyst stages. Currently, no fully effective molecules have been found to treat PAM. In search new antiamoebic molecules, most efforts focused on trophozoidal activity compounds. However, there are reports effect compounds N. fowleri viability....

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis is caused by the free-living amoeba

Naegleria fowleri is an opportunistic protozoan, belonging to the free-living amoeba group, that can be found in warm water bodies. It causative agent primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, a fulminant disease with rapid progression affects central nervous system. However, no 100% effective treatments are available and those currently used involve appearance of severe side effects, therefore, there urgent need find novel antiamoebic compounds low toxicity. In this study, vitro activity six...

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a rare and fulminant neurodegenerative disease caused by the free-living amoeba Naegleria fowleri. Currently, there lack of standardized protocols for therapeutic action. In response to critical need effective agents, we explored Global Health Priority Box, collection 240 compounds provided Medicines Malaria Venture (MMV). From this pool, flucofuron emerged as promising candidate, exhibiting high efficacy against trophozoites both N. fowleri...

Naegleria. fowleri, a protozoa belonging to the free-living amoeba group, is causative agent of central nervous system affecting disease that fatal in more than 95% reported cases. This parasite can be found warm water bodies such as lakes, rivers or inadequately disinfected swimming pools. On other hand, chlorination and UV light treatment are two most extensively used disinfection methods recreational facilities. In this study effect on N. fowleri trophozoites was studied close circuit...

Naegleria fowleri is the causative agent of a central nervous system affecting disease called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. It fulminant with rapid progression that affects mainly children and young adults who report previous water exposure. Current treatment options are not totally effective involve several side effects. In this work, six meroterpenoids isolated from brown algae Gongolaria abies-marina were evaluated against N. fowleri. Gongolarone B (1), 6Z-1'-methoxyamentadione...

The Free-Living Amoeba species, Naegleria fowleri is the causative agent of a lethal encephalitis known as Primary Amoebic Encephalitis (PAM). Moreover, most reported cases are often related to swimming and/or diving in aquatic environments. In addition, current therapeutic options against PAM not fully effective and hence, there an urgent need develop novel agents this disease. Previously isobenzofuranones compounds have been present antiprotozoal antifungal activity among others. However,...

The genus Ganoderma has a long history of use in traditional Asiatic medicine due to its different nutritional and medicinal properties. In Mexico, the species G. tuberculosum is used indigenous communities, for example, Wixaritari mestizos Villa Guerrero Jalisco treatment diseases that may be related parasitic infections; however, few chemical studies corroborate potential. Thereby, objective this study was isolate identify anti-parasitic activity compounds from strain native Mexico. From...

Swimming pool water treatment by chemicals is an essential step to avoid microbial proliferation and infections namely caused free living amoeba such as, for example, primary amebic meningoencephalitis Acanthamoeba keratitis. In the present study, a commercial reactive, CLORICAN, based on chlorine dioxide, was evaluated against spp. Naegleria fowleri. We observed that CLORICAN could eliminate in short period of incubation time both amoebae. Furthermore, fowleri’s trophozoites were more...

Primary amoebic encephalitis (PAM) caused by the opportunistic pathogen Naegleria fowleri is characterized as a rapid and lethal infection of brain which ends in death patient more than 90% reported cases. This amoeba thrives warm water bodies causes after individuals perform risky activities such splashing or diving, mostly non-treated lakes ponds. Moreover, progresses very fast no fully effective molecules have currently been found to treat PAM. In this study, naphthyridines fused with...