Classification is a well-known supervised learning technique in data mining. It used to extract meaningful information from large datasets and can be effectively for predicting unknown classes. In this research, classification applied crime dataset predict ‘Crime Category’ different states of the United States America. The research real nature, it was collected socio-economic 1990 US Census, law enforcement LEMAS survey, 1995 FBI UCR. This paper compares two algorithms namely, Naïve Bayesian...

Agriculture is essential to the growth of every country. Cotton and other major crops fall into cash crops. affected by most diseases that cause significant crop damage. Many affect yield through leaf. Detecting disease early saves from further susceptible several diseases, including leaf spot, target bacterial blight, nutrient deficiency, powdery mildew, curl, etc. Accurate identification important for taking effective measures. Deep learning in plant plays an role. The proposed model based...

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) connect two or more vehicles wirelessly to enable data exchange in an Internet of Things (IoT) environment. In VANETs, location privacy is the most crucial piece information, and its protection top priority. However, threats have not been adequately addressed positioning for IoT VANETs. This paper provides overview attacks their solutions address problems caused by any Secondly, we analyzed specific based on anonymity (pseudonym) cryptographic using a...

Classical cryptographic systems face a hazardous situation because quantum computing operates as threat vector against classical through Shor's and Grover's algorithms. Through algorithm factoring large integers results in breach of RSA encryption methods whereas enables substantially quicker searches unsorted databases to diminish symmetric key strength. The advanced features eliminate the foundation security that techniques depend on computation complexity for protection. Quantum Key...

In integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into autonomous drone technology, researcher seen how technology switched from last mile delivery for delivering goods to enhance efficiency, reduce the operational costs, and minimize environmental impact. this study, try understand applying of AI ways on navigation systems based deep learning, reinforcement computer vision that make it possible optimize a route also keep away obstacles. design testing AI-powered drones, research uses mix...

This study presents an assessment of Pakistan's energy security performance by measuring its Energy Security Index (ESIOP) for the years 1991–2040. The ESIOP consists 39 indicators finalized discrimination analysis, reliability testing and weighted through principal component analysis (PCA). On basis results, shows a declining trend at moderate level between 1991 2020 followed upward until 2040. that current policy is not effective in improving owing to high import dependence governance...

This paper presents a systematic literature review on Intelligent Process Automation (IPA), focusing its role in modernizing business operations. It explores the integration of AI, including machine learning and robotic process automation, their combined impact improving efficiency supporting human-centric tasks. The examines synergy between AI human expertise, highlighting how this collaboration enhances decision-making, reduces errors, speeds up task execution. also investigates digital...

Cloud computing has significantly transformed IT structures whereby organizations can address their computational needs through flexible, adaptable, and cheaper platforms. However with the growing usage of cloud services, traditional perimeter security model cannot effectively secure critical organizational assets against threats such as advanced persistent threats, internal malware. This paper focuses on how zero-trust models be used to these emergent in a context. Zero-trust, that is based...

The global cybersecurity environment demands rising importance on cross-border threat intelligence combined with artificial systems because these tools help organizations protect against modern cyber threats. study explores international collaboration barriers together AI assessment in defense as well it defines essential strategic aspects for next-generation frameworks. researchers conducted quantitative research through the collection of surveys which gathered responses from multiple...

Purpose – Ontologies play an important role in enabling machines to understand and navigate a knowledge base. Currently, number of ontologies covering specific topic the Quran have been created serve particular application. However, these existing are limited scope knowledge. Specifically, do not support contextual information that is considered necessary for correct interpretation verses Quran. The paper aims discuss issues. Design/methodology/approach In order fill this gap, reports...

Biosafety during lab work is an important concern in developing countries. Some critical issues concerning biosafety are lack of training, exceeding workload, working too fast, deciding not to follow safe practices, and skepticism about biohazards. This study aimed determine perception practices laboratory technicians routine clinical laboratories Pakistan.A total 1,782 were interviewed from major public sector hospitals a few private hospital throughout 1,647 (92.4%) males 135 (7.6%)...

This study presents a framework for assessing Pakistan’s sustainable energy security (SES) between 1991 and 2020 by estimating its composite index, termed “SESi”, three sub-indices. The SES has dimensions: economic, social, environmental. A total of 26 indicators were chosen normalized using the Z-score approach before being weighted principal component analysis (PCA) or equal weighting. findings associated with indices point to declining tendency 2020. highest degree was reported in 1991,...

To determine the asymptomatic dengue infection in adults of Pakistani population.This study was conducted five major cities (Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Multan, and Peshawar) Pakistan. A total 5 230 aged 18 years above without a history fever at any point their life were enrolled from participating laboratories. Those who confirmed for previously excluded. Of total, 62.6% (n = 3 276) male with an average age 34.6 years. Participants briefed about objectives study, written consent obtained to...

This study introduces Pakistan’s multidimensional energy security index (PMESI) and indices across dimensions from 1991 to 2020 through indicator optimization. Based on criteria, expert participation, reliability testing, 27 indicators were identified weighted based dimension reduction utilizing the Varimax Rotation technique. As a result of robust evaluation framework, there has been considerable change in when compared other studies such as Pakistan (ESIP) (ESIOP). According findings,...

Understanding climate change through knowledge and researching its level of awareness are critical for building resilience in vulnerable populations. Climate comprehension is not a gender-neutral construct. The purpose this paper to investigate women's perceptions both rural urban Sindh, Pakistan, as it one the ten most countries change. This study also looks into sources local knowledge. employed mixed methodology approach, with 400 women from areas polled quantitative data subject/field...

This study examines the efficiency of Pakistan’s power distribution industry through an index that is experiencing financial and technical losses resulting in poor service quality, blackouts, high tariffs. The reveals a moderate decline from 2007–2015 to levels by 2022, with some improvement noted reducing increasing recoveries. However, certain DISCOs have seen indicators such as reliability, quality service, safety, recoveries, requiring continuous improvement. proposes variety measures...

This study addresses the critical issue of Unaccounted-for-Gas (UFG) in Pakistan's gas sector, a significant challenge undermining operational efficiency and sustainability. With comprehensive approach, research introduces tailored UFG Control strategy focused on "Network Visibility," Rehabilitation," "Theft Control," "Research & Development." These components aim to enhance accuracy metering distribution, reduce losses through advanced technological interventions, mitigate theft via robust...