Grape (Vitis vinifera) color somatic variants that can be used to develop new grapevine cultivars occasionally appear associated with deletion events of uncertain origin. To understand the mutational mechanisms generating structural variation in grapevine, we compared Tempranillo Blanco (TB) white berry variant its black ancestor, Tinto. Whole-genome sequencing uncovered a catastrophic genome rearrangement TB caused hemizygous 313 genes, including loss functional copy for MYB transcription...

Abstract Global viticulture has evolved following market trends, causing loss of cultivar diversity and traditional practices. In Montenegro, modern co-exists with a that still maintains ancient practices exploits local cultivars. As result, this region provides unique opportunity to explore processes increasing genetic diversity. To evaluate the Montenegrin grapevines involved in their diversification, we collected analyzed 419 samples situ across country (cultivated plants from old...

Under semiarid Mediterranean climatic conditions, scarce attention has been given to the utilization of permanent cover crops (PCCs) in vineyard agroecosystems increase soil organic C (SOC) and improve quality. We evaluated feasibility two (resident vegetation, RV, ‘Aurora gold’ blue fescue [ Festuca longifolia Thuill.] FV) SOC quality with respect conventional tillage a vineyard. studied influence these management practices on labile matter fractions (particulate [POC], potentially...

Abstract BACKGROUND Nitrogen affects grapevine growth and also yeast metabolism, which have a direct influence on fermentation kinetics the formation of different volatile compounds. Throughout cycle, soil nitrogen availability grape composition can vary because factors. foliar applications contribute toward enhancing status minimize problem leaching that traditional nitrogen‐soil provoke. The present study aimed to evaluate urea amino acid content. Accordingly, two doses were applied over...

Concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and B were monitored throughout the season in leaf blades petioles sampled at three different positions on shoot Tempranillo ( Vitis vinifera L.) grapevines. Petioles had higher concentrations whereas micronutrients other than Zn more abundant blades. Seasonal trends identified for macronutrients, with decreasing patterns while Ca Mg increased through season. Minor differences nutrient concentration observed opposite basal distal clusters....

Abstract In vineyards in Spain, tillage and semiarid Mediterranean climatic conditions accelerate organic matter loss from the soil. Cover crops are a conservation management practice that can provoke changes soil quality which requires evaluation. Stratification ratios of properties such as C labile fractions have been proposed for assessment under different systems. Our objective was to study effect cover crop on various parameters their stratification ratios. We evaluated three...

Cover crops can compete with vines for soil nutrients and thus affect grapevine development must wine quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence two different cover on availability N, P, K, Mg nutritional status, vigor, yield, experiment carried out in a cv. Tempranillo vineyard La Rioja, Spain, using three treatments: gramineous crop (barley), leguminous (clover), conventional tillage. Soil nitrate evolution were determined, total biomass nutrient content measured....

Every year thousands of tonnes biomass waste in the form pruned vine shoots are produced Spanish region La Rioja. This study, first its kind to be conducted region, examines how this can valorised, mainly as an energy source. Representative samples were taken from different varieties and vineyards region. Each batch was then chemically characterised learn moisture content, percentage ash, composition terms elements heating power. The influence various factors on these chemical properties...

Little attention has been given to the utilization of permanent cover crops in vineyard agroecosystems semi-arid Mediterranean climatic conditions increase soil organic carbon or its effects on N availability. We evaluated effect with resident vegetation labile matter fractions and inorganic availability respect conventional tillage a vineyard. The field experiment was conducted Typic Haploxerept soil, located La Rioja area (Central River Ebro Valley). Soil samples were collected during June...

Backgrounds and Aims Leaf blade petiole of the grapevine at different sampling times are normally employed for nutritional diagnosis. Both tissues were studied to determine their reliability diagnosis stages development and, also, period time, around phenological stage a reference, in which an analysis could be compared with this reference. Methods Results Blades petioles Garnacha tinta collected throughout growing season ten essential elements. In general, showed greater variability between...

Two spent mushroom substrates (fresh, F-SMS, and composted in aerobic conditions, C-SMS) were annually applied for 4 yr at two different rates (8 25 Mg ha−1 as dry matter) to a vineyard soil (Typic Haploxerept) located near Logroño (Ebro Valley, La Rioja, Spain). Soil samples collected three depths (0–5, 5–15 15–25 cm), analyzed organic carbon (SOC), water-soluble (WSC), potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN), N-NO3− exchangeable N-NH4+, microbial biomass (MBC), CO2 evolution (SR),...

Grapevine rootstocks may supply water to the scion according transpiration demand, thus modulating plant responses deficit, but variety can alter these responses, as well. The rootstock genotypes’ effect on physiological response, aquaporin expression, and hormone concentrations in xylem leaf was assessed under well watered (WW) stress (WS) conditions. Under WW, vines grafted onto 1103P R110 (the more vigorous drought-tolerant) showed higher photosynthesis (AN), stomatal conductance (gs),...

Plant nutritional diagnosis requires specific reference levels for each variety to effectively reflect the status of crop. A vine survey was undertaken in Rioja A.O.C., northeastern Spain. The method used establish preliminary leaf blade and petiole tissues Vitis vinifera L., cv. Tempranillo on Richter-110 rootstock. These references were generated from data obtained during course 11 years (2000–10) 166 vineyards trained Gobelet Vertical Shoot Position (VSP), pruned Guyot or Double Cordon...

Tillage and semiarid Mediterranean climatic conditions accelerate soil organic matter losses in Spanish vineyards. Previous studies showed that cover crops can increase carbon (SOC) The objectives of this study were to evaluate the influence two different short term on C sequestration a vineyard potential use both β–glucosidase enzimatic activity (GLU) GLU/SOC ratio order assess SOC increase. experiment was carried out cv. Tempranillo (Vitis vinifera L.) Oxyaquic Xerorthent Rioja winegrowing...

Nitrogen (N) is the main nutrient affecting yield of grapevine and its must wine quality. However, little information exists about optimum nitrate (NO3 −)-N levels for vineyard soils in semiarid climatic conditions. We selected 14 vineyards cultivar Tempranillo (Vitis vinifera L.), with ages ranging from 10 to 25 years located lower Najerilla River area (Rioja AOC). There were no variations within study area. Soil was sampled at depths 0–15 15–45 cm bloom (29 June 2010) when grapevines...

Cover crop use in vineyards can affect both vine vigor and must wine quality because of the competition for soil nutrients water. Our objective was to study short-term effects a cover on nitrate (NO3 −)–nitrogen (N) availability throughout grapevine vegetative cycle, N uptake, yield quality. By we mean first cycle after planting crop. The experiment set 2009 cv. Tempranillo vineyard planted Oxyaquic Xerorthent soil. had not been fertilized with since 2000, two types management were studied:...

Deviation from optimum percentage (DOP) is a diagnosis methodology for leaf analyses which expresses the deviation each element with respect to its optimal concentration. This an individual index nutrient and allows sorting of all analyzed nutrients according their limitations. A nutritional survey was undertaken over eleven years in La Rioja (Spain), establish reference concentrations Vitis vinifera L., cv. ‘Tempranillo’ grafted on Richter-110. Reference DOP are proposed, sensibility...

Soil water availability during the vine growth cycle can affect yield and grape quality. The objective was to evaluate effect of soil holding capacity (AWC) available (ASW) throughout growing on nutritional status, vigor, production, composition grapes wine. study conducted in municipality Uruñuela DOCa Rioja (Spain). soils four rainfed vineyard plots were characterized determine AWC its impacts vine, grape, wine composition. N, P, K foliar content, yield, berry weight, must analyzed those...

The temporal stability and the analysis reproducibility of nutrient concentration leaf blades petioles <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L. cv. Tempranillo were evaluated at a vineyard representing soil climate conditions within AOC Rioja region Spain. Leaf blade petiole sampled throughout growing season analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B concentrations. For analyses, had lower percent coeffcient variation (%CV) total K than petiole, while %CV B. Phosphorus Mg similar in flowering, veraison...

Vineyard soil management can modify the nitrogen availability and, therefore, grape amino acid content. These compounds are precursors of biogenic amines, which have negative effects on wine quality and human health. The objective was to study whether effect conventional tillage two cover crops (barley clover) grapevine status could be related amines. Over 4 years, NO3- -N, content in leaf amine concentration were determined.Barley reduced -N clover increased it. In 2011, at bloom, decreased...

Background and Aim. The genetically determined characteristics of grapevine rootstocks are important factors that affect scion performance. This 3 years’ field study aimed to characterize the influence four well-established 30-year-old (110 Richter, 1103 Paulsen, 41B, 161-49Couderc) on Tempranillo cultivar in semiarid wine growing region D.O.Ca. Rioja, North-Eastern Spain. Methods Results. Nutrient concentrations mineral elements at flowering veraison were vines, jointly with grapevine-water...