SUMMARY A recent resurgence of mumps in doubly vaccinated cohorts has been observed, identifying genotype G as the current predominant genotype. In this study, neutralization efficacy guinea pig sera immunized with three vaccine viruses: L-Zagreb, Urabe AM9 and JL5, was tested against seven strains four wild-type (two G, one C, D) isolated during 1998–2011. All neutralized all viruses although at different levels. The efficiency decreases several fold by temporal order virus isolation....

Physicochemical characteristics of liposome/DNA complexes influence transfection efficiency and affect each other in a very intricate way. The result this is discrepancies conclusions drawn about the individual one.Aiming to elucidate charge ratio size on other, we used with (+/-) range 1-50 extruded through membranes 400, 200, 100 nm. Plasmid DNA encoding green fluorescent protein was measure by flow cytometry. Sizes were measured dynamic light scattering.Liposome reduced after extrusion...

ABSTRACT CBF1 is a cellular highly conserved DNA binding factor that ubiquitously expressed in all tissues and acts as repressor of genes. In Epstein-Barr virus growth-transformed B-cell lines, serves central adaptor molecule for several viral proteins, including the transactivator nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA-2). EBNA-2 binds to thereby gains access regulatory regions target genes activates transcription. We have inactivated gene by homologous recombination human line DG75 characterized changes...

In spite of the success mumps vaccination, recent outbreaks have been reported even among individuals with a history vaccination. For better understanding why vaccination failed in cases vaccinees who fell ill during outbreaks, immunological events infection and/or should be defined. work presented here we sought to identify new neutralization sites on virus surface glycoproteins. By using anti-mumps mAbs, three amino acid positions at residues 221, 323 and 373 F protein were shown located...

Two mumps virus strains 9218/Zg98 and Du/CRO05 were isolated in two locations Croatia 1998 2005, respectively. Genetic characterization of these temporally distinct isolates was carried out order to determine their genotype putative antigenic relatedness vaccine strains. Sequence analysis the small hydrophobic (SH) gene revealed that isolate shows less than 95% similarity any reference strain, thus representing a potential strain for new genotype. Isolate clearly belongs G with 97% homology...

Abstract During July 2009 an outbreak in neonates represented with gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms was observed at the Neonatal Postintensive Care Unit, Clinical Hospital Center, Zagreb. Human parechovirus type 1 (HPeV1) isolated from seven patients, one of whom asymptomatic. All but were premature serious underlying conditions, all recovered fully after several days. In order to characterize HPeV1s, sequencing VP1/2A region conducted on six isolates four detected Croatia 2008...

We describe excretion of measles vaccine strain Schwarz in a child who developed febrile rash illness eight days after primary immunisation against measles, mumps and rubella. Throat swabs urine specimens were collected on the fifth sixth day illness, respectively. Genotyping demonstrated (genotype A). If rubella not under enhanced surveillance Croatia, case would have been either misreported as or recognised at all.

The dynamics and evolution of the human parainfluenza virus type 2 (HPIV2) in Croatia, also globally, are largely unknown. Most HPIV2 infections treated symptomatically outside hospital setting. Thus, diagnosis is missing making it difficult to follow genetic variation HPIV2. This study explores hospitalized cases Croatia during 4‐year period (2011–2014). this were reported October or November (68.75%) most patients under years age (81.25%). For molecular analyses, we used F HN gene...

Abstract Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an important respiratory pathogen, especially among young children. The genetic characteristics of HMPV circulating in Croatia have not been studied so far. aim this study was to determine the incidence infection hospitalized children with acute tract (ARTI) season 2005/2006 Croatia, as well perform genotypic analysis detected strains. From December 1 March 31 nasopharyngeal secretions (NPSs) were collected from 402 inpatients up 5 years age ARTI....

The most often used mumps vaccine strains Jeryl Lynn (JL), RIT4385, Urabe-AM9, L-Zagreb and L-3 differ in immunogenicity reactogenicity. Previous analyses showed that JL, Urabe-AM9 are genetically heterogeneous. We identified the heterogeneity of throughout entire genome. Two major variants were defined: variant A being identical to consensus sequence viral seeds vaccine(s) B which differs from three nucleotide positions. difference between strain is insufficient for distinct be defined....

Mumps virus is a negative-sense, single stranded RNA consisting of ribonucleocapsid core enveloped by lipid membrane derived from host cell, which causes mumps disease preventable vaccination. Since envelope and glycosylation pattern are not encoded the but dependent on cell at least to some extent, aim this work was analyse L-Zagreb (L-Zg) lipids proteins two types; Vero chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF). Jeryl Lynn 5 (JL5) strain were also analysed. Virus isolated organic phase extraction...

Human type I interferons (IFNs) comprise one IFN-β, -ω, -κ, and -ɛ 12 different IFN-α subtypes, which play an important role in early host antiviral response. Despite their high structural homology signaling through the same receptor, subtypes exhibit antiviral, antiproliferative, immunomodulatory activities. Differences production of therefore determine quality In this study, we investigated pattern induced infection with mumps virus (MuV) strains examined MuV sensitivity to action...

Abstract Previously we reported on the HPIV2 genotype distribution in Croatia 2011–2014. Here expand this period up to 2017 and confirm that G1a has replaced G3 from Our hypothesis was G1a-to-G3 replacement is an antibody-driven event. A cross-neutralisation with anti-HPIV2 sera specific for either or revealed presence of genotype-specific antigenic determinants. By profound, silico analyses three potential B cell epitopic regions were identified hemagglutinin neuraminidase (regions 314–361...

The canonical genome organization of measles virus (MV) is characterized by total size 15 894 nucleotides (nts) and defined length every genomic region, both coding non-coding. Only rarely have reports strains possessing non-canonical properties (possessing indels, with or without the change length) been published. observed mutations are mutually compensatory in a sense that remains polyhexameric. Although programmed highly precise pseudo-templated nucleotide additions during transcription...