Early detection and/or prediction of disease in an animal is the first step towards its successful treatment. The objective this study was to investigate capability infrared thermography as a non-invasive, early method for identifying animals with systemic infection. A viral infection model adopted using 15 seronegative calves whose body weight averaged 172 kg. Ten these were inoculated Type 2 bovine diarrhoea virus (strain 24515) and five separately housed served uninfected controls....

Cook, N. J. 2012. Review: Minimally invasive sampling media and the measurement of corticosteroids as biomarkers stress in animals. Can. Anim. Sci. 92: 227–259. The corticosteroid hormones is commonly used a biomarker an animal's response to stress. difficulties obtaining blood samples recognition stressor effect are primary drivers for use minimally sample media. In mammals these include saliva, feces, urine, hair, milk. birds, excreta, feathers, egg yolk albumin. fish, have been measured...

Early identification of sick cattle increases treatment success and decreases mortality. Continuous automated records behavior can be used to identify early in the disease process. The objective was evaluate accuracy an ear-attached accelerometer (SensOor) that quantified ear movements estimated feeding rumination time through a proprietary algorithm. Accelerometers were attached tag 18 steers with initial mean BW 326 ± 46 kg. manufacturer's software determine spent "feeding," "ruminating,"...

The efficacy of salivary cortisol analyses for assessment the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) response to stimulation is compared serum measurement. Matched samples and saliva were collected from pigs (n = 6) subjected exogenous adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) (i.v. 200 IU) snaring. Salivary responses handling transport (1 h) measured in a further 10 pigs. Saliva before after transport. There significant correlations between values, following ACTH (r 0.8813, P < 0.025), snaring...

An automated, non-invasive system for monitoring of thermoregulation has the potential to mitigate swine diseases through earlier detection. Measurement radiated temperature groups animals by infrared thermography (IRT) is an essential component such a system. This study reports on feasibility as biomarker immune response using vaccination model febrile disease. In Study A, weaned pigs were either treated with intramuscular vaccine (FarrowSure Gold), sham injection 0.9% saline or left...

Low estrus detection rates (>50%) are associated to extended calving intervals, low economic profit and reduced longevity in Holstein dairy cows. The objective of this study was evaluate the accuracy infrared thermography behavioral biometrics combined as potential alerts naturally (not induced) cycling cows housed a tie-stall barn. Eighteen first lactation were subjected transrectal ultrasonography determine spontaneous ovulation. dominant follicle (DF) disappearance used retrospectively an...

Measurementsoftheheterophil:lymphocyte (H/L) ratio (invasive technique) and corticosterone in yolk albumen (noninvasive techniques) were used to measure stress 3 commercial laying strains, Lohmann White (LW), H&N (HN), Brown (LB), a noncommercial cross (CR) between Rhode Island Red (male) Barred Plymouth Rock (female), kept conventional cages or floor pens. All chicks reared their respective environments, 450 432 pullets placed at 18 7 wk of age pens, respectively. Blood from 12 hens per...

An "in-house" radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure utilizing commercial sources of antiserum and radiolabel was developed for the simultaneous measurement cortisol in serum saliva from swine. A RIA kit (Incstar) used to validate in-house measurements. The correlation coefficient (r) between Incstar method 0.94. modified accommodate salivary concentrations compared procedure. these procedures r = 0.81 best described by a logarithmic (Ln) curve. Salivary measures were significantly higher than...

In non-elite male runners (n = 8), changes in adrenal activity were monitored by measurement of salivary cortisol samples collected at 4-mile intervals during marathon runs. These compared with those similarly timed on rest days. Immediately prior to the Cardiff marathon, 09.00 h, mean concentrations (21.5 nmol/l) higher than day (14.9 nmol/l). Cortisol increased and although values 25 miles high (79.4 nmol/l), maximum (87.9 observed 30 min after completion run. Some also participated...

An automated method of estimating the spatial distribution piglets within a pen was used to assess huddling behaviour under normal conditions and during febrile response vaccination. The compared with manual assessment clustering activity. Huddling partly related environmental clock time such that more occurred night at lower ambient air temperatures. There were no positive relationships between maximum pig temperatures conditions, suggesting narrow range in this study not significant factor...

Testosterone and cortisol in male marathon runners (n = 11) were determined saliva samples 28) collected during the three rest days preceding a competitive at 08.00h on race day. An Eysenck Personality Inventory was completed first day psychological state assessed morning of by completion visual analogue scales for anxiety, depression, hostility libido four times each Anxiety, depression positively inter-correlated. Extraversion negatively correlated. At marathon, anxiety scores...

The primary objective of this study was to develop an automated infrared thermography platform (Estrus BenchMark) capable measuring skin temperature and tail movements as a means identifying cows in estrus. secondary evaluate the accuracy Estrus BenchMark detect estrus compared in-line milk progesterone (P4) analysis (Herd Navigator System) commercial dairy herd managed under robotic milking system. Data were collected on forty-six from 45 120 d after calving. Cows flagged when P4 fell below...

Behavioral observations are important to detect illness in beef cattle. However, traditional observation techniques time and labor intensive may be subjective. The objective was validate a system for monitoring individual feeding behavior activity cattle (Fedometer [FEDO]; ENGS, Rosh Pina, Israel). Sixteen steers (initial BW ± SD = 326 46 kg) were fitted with data loggers (FEDO) on their left front leg housed pen feedbunk equipped an antenna emitting electromagnetic field that reached 30 2...

Individual feed consumption and animal weight were continuously recorded in grower pigs using an automated feeding system. Infrared images each time a pig entered the system infrared thermography provided radiated thermal measurements of dorsal surface animal. Feed was withdrawn animals fasted for period 24 h three times during growth at body weights approximately 35, 65 105 kg. There significant reduction 0.28 °C maximum temperature (Tmax), 0.48 average (Tmean) periods fasting. Maximum...

Brown Leghorn hens (n = 98) were assessed for feather cover using a scoring (FS) scale and by infrared thermography. Mean image temperature provided real-time assessment of that was significantly related to FS. The closest approximation FS achieved considering the area within specific ranges. percentage range 17 24°C positively associated with cover, whereas 28 31°C negatively indicative lack (bare skin). Infrared thermography fast, objective, accurate on continuous variable.