Domestic production of lithium is central to the UK’s industrial strategy. This will facilitate energy transition and be essential safeguard supply against geopolitical developments. To this end, two different styles extraction are being developed in Cornwall: (1) open-pit ‘hard-rock’ mining at locations St Austell Granite (2) Li-enriched geothermal fluids produced through fracture-controlled fluid-rock interaction flow. The latter resource evaluated for Direct...

Lithium is a critical mineral in the fight against climate change:  it used electrical batteries for computing, electric vehicles, and as local storage smoothing flow from intermittent sustainable power sources. According to IEA, 2023 lithium supply was mainly limited China, Chile Australia (85% mining 96% refining), associating with high geopolitical risk; risk which UK EU are exposed.The has world-class resource Cornwall, mineable granite, but also dissolved geothermal brines...

Compositional features of a total 1887 gold alluvial particles from six localities to the south Loch Tay in central Scotland were interpreted establish different types source mineralization. Populations each locality grouped according alloy and inclusion signatures. Inclusion suites provided primary discriminant with Group 1 showing narrow range simple sulphide sulphoarsenide species, whereas wide minerals including molybdenite, bornite various Bi Te- bearing species identified 2 localities....

Abstract The processes and the structures within middle lower crust are intimately related to evolution of orogenies, but more detailed knowledge is needed these deep crustal processes. Seismic reflection data, chiefly displayed in amplitude, commonly used interpret structures. strongest amplitude events probably lithological changes do not necessarily correspond geological structures, tectonic boundaries, or deformation fabrics. Furthermore, strain distribution between interpreted...

Thin-skinned fold-and-thrust belts (FTBs) have been extensively studied through both field examples and modeling. The overall dynamics of FTBs are, therefore, well understood. One less understood aspect is the combined influence across-strike changes in detachment properties basement topography on behavior an orogenic wedge. In this paper, we use data together with reflection seismic interpretation from external zones central Betics FTB, southern Spain, to identify a significant increase...

We present zircon and titanite U-Pb ages from granulite-facies transtensional shear zones a greenschist facies strike-slip zone in the Karkkila-Vihti area, West Uusimaa. The rim of c. 1815−1820 Ma constrain evolution orogenic deformation compression- dominated to syn-compressional lateral-escape within this part Fennoscandian shield while 1790−1800 give timing late- post-orogenic low-grade reactivation large-scale Somero-Karkkila fault zone. new age data further changes crustal style during...

Two‐dimensional pre‐stack depth migrated seismic reflection data, gravity and velocity models are used to assess the nature origin of a prominent, buried ridge, Porcupine Median Volcanic Ridge (PMVR) within Basin, offshore Ireland. The debate on PMVR during past 30 years has followed evolution concept continental margin genesis. In this paper, ridge is evaluated basis internal geometry structure, revealed by data. Implication presence these type ridges in hyper‐extensional rifted margins...

Abstract Paragenetic interpretation, defined as the process of constraining order in which phases (minerals) comprising a rock formed, are fundamental all disciplines requiring detailed mapping genetic relationships between investigated crystal(s) and their surrounding phases. Ore geology, geochronology, petrological fluid inclusion studies underpinned by robust interpretation paragenesis. Without this understanding, analytical data will be greatly restricted potentially wrong. Textural is...

Abstract Initiation of partial melting in the mid/lower crust causes a decrease P wave and S velocities; recent studies imply that relationship between these velocities melt is not simple. We have developed modeling approach to assess combined impact various solid phase properties on seismic anisotropy. The based crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) data measured from migmatite samples, allowing quantification variation with varying volumes, shapes, orientations, matrix results show...

Partial melt in the deforming mid- or lower continental crust causes a strength decrease and drives formation of lithological heterogeneities. However, mechanisms syn-melt deformation zones strain partitioning partially molten rock remain poorly understood. We use field microstructural observations to unravel evolution partial shear zone, Seiland Igneous Province, northern Norway. The Øksfjord zone (ØSZ) is one several paragneiss present within gabbros formed by syn-intrusive deep crustal...

Abstract Map-making is a fundamental tool for developing geological knowledge. It involves data collection and interpretation has its roots in the earliest discoveries Earth Sciences. starting point stratigraphic structural interpretations, metamorphic facies, geochronology modelling studies – underpins civil engineering. From beginning, mapping rapidly evolved into far more than being simple spatial catalogue of observable rock types landforms on Earth's land-surface; deductive reasoning...

The Tomnadashan sulfide deposit, which is located on the southern margin of Loch Tay (Scotland, UK), was mined for copper during 19th century. genetic processes at remain poorly understood, and mineralization has never been dated. To gain an improved understanding this mineral system, we have dated molybdenite using Re–Os chronometer. Furthermore, contextualized these ages within a paragenetic interpretation. Our results show that age c. 423–419 Ma, it occurs early in paragenesis (the second...

Thin-skinned fold-thrust belts are defined by an extensive detachment surface, "the sole thrust'. The thrust is typically assumed to be sub-planar beneath the belt. model of a planar and, inference, basement often applied rather uncritically, whereas experimental and field studies show that topography not only varied but crucial for geometrical kinematic evolution belts. Basement controls on dynamics remains least well understood parameter in belts, more case needed underpin further...

Gold occurs in many settings, but the dynamic nature of Earth's crust means overlapping and overprinting deposit styles are common. Characterization mineralization from an early stage becomes important, particularly where is complex, order to maximize exploration project development success mining productivity. Various techniques used at different stages a characterize gold deposits. This Special Publication offers cross-section some specific investigate variety types. The papers highlight...

Four rock samples were collected from the crustal-scale South Finland shear zone in order to compare PT-conditions of deformation between gneissose and mylonitic types.Two a garnet-bearing gneiss representing an early ductile shearing phase.The two other 30-meter-wide ultramylonite zone; fi rst sample second less deformed amphibole-rich lens within zone, interpreted be mylonite protolith.The new GBPQ geobarometer Gt-Bt exchange geothermometer applied samples.The temperature conditions...

Deformed vein systems may exhibit complex geometries with kinematics that are not always easily reconciled within the overall tectonic framework and interpreted palaeostress fields. In ore exploration mining, misinterpretation of as polyphase deformation, opposed to progressive be detrimental developing effective strategies or geometric models for bodies. An example this is Cavanacaw Au–Ag–Pb deposit in Northern Ireland which has previously been have had a deformation history linking...