The processing of ore by hydrometallurgy or pyrometallurgy typically has a high energy demand, and associated release carbon dioxide. Thus there is need to develop more energy-efficient environmentally-compatible processes. This article demonstrates that deep eutectic solvent (DES) ionic liquids provide one such method since they can be used selectively dissolve recover native gold tellurium, sulphides tellurides. Ionic are anhydrous salts liquid at low temperature. They powerful solvents...

Abstract Studies of populations gold particles are becoming increasingly common; however, interpretation compositional data may not be straightforward. Natural is rarely homogenous. Alloy heterogeneity present as microfabrics formed either during primary mineralization or by modification pre-existing alloys chemical and physical drivers subsequent residence in hypogene surficial environments. In electron-probe-microanalysis (EPMA)-based studies, the combination Cu, Hg, Pd values mineral...

The close association of Pd with Au has been previously reported in highly oxidized chloride hydrothermal systems from several regions, including Australia, Brazil, Poland, and the United Kingdom. distinctive mineralization precipitated usually as a consequence contact reducing environments is characterized by alloys containing low Ag ± Hg Cu, associated selenides tellurides antimonides arsenides. Placer gold grains derived this style inherit these chemical physical characteristics which are...

Orogenic gold camps are commonly associated with placer deposits although in many cases the relationship between and lode source may be unclear. Placer Bonanza Eldorado Creeks northern Klondike district goldfield, Yukon, Canada, probably yielded more than 2 million ounces (Moz) from a small geographic area, but known occurrences of gold-bearing orogenic-style veins which placers were derived accounted for only few thousand ounces. The alloy chemistry mineralogy opaque mineral microinclusions...

This is a repository copy of Characterization gold mineralization in the northern Cariboo Gold District, British Columbia, Canada, through integration compositional studies lode and detrital with historical placer production: template for evaluation orogenic districts.

Porphyry-epithermal and orogenic gold are two of the most important styles gold-bearing mineralization within belts. Populations detrital resulting from bulk erosion such regions may exhibit a compositional continuum wherein Ag, Cu, Hg in alloy vary across full range exhibited by natural gold. This paper describes new methodology whereby porphyry-epithermal be distinguished according to mineralogy microscopic inclusions observed particles. A total 1459 grains hypogene, eluvial, placer...

Terranes of the Appalachian-Caledonian orogen north Iapetus suture host gold mineralization in North America, Scotland, and Ireland. To date, commercial exploitation has been confined to Appalachian terrane Canada. In Scotland Ireland, regional analysis types handicapped by relatively small number bedrock occurrences available for study. However, there are a large alluvial localities. A technique microchemical characterization grains applied facilitate classification localities terms style...

Compositional features of a total 1887 gold alluvial particles from six localities to the south Loch Tay in central Scotland were interpreted establish different types source mineralization. Populations each locality grouped according alloy and inclusion signatures. Inclusion suites provided primary discriminant with Group 1 showing narrow range simple sulphide sulphoarsenide species, whereas wide minerals including molybdenite, bornite various Bi Te- bearing species identified 2 localities....

Analytical studies of placer (detrital) gold grains, intended to track bedrock sources and styles mineralization, mainly consider alloy Ag content inclusion mineralogy generate ‘microchemical signatures’. Occasionally Hg Pd help discriminate from different sources; Cu infrequently because electron microprobes seldom detect the low concentrations. Reporting has been largely confined porphyry–epithermal environments, this biased subsequent interpretations observed Cu-bearing alloys. This study...

Alloy compositions and associated suites of opaque mineral inclusions have been used to define the micro-chemical signature 3,050 placer gold grains from 34 localities 561 six lode northeastern, central, southern Klondike district, Yukon, Canada. These data augment those a detailed parallel study placer-lode relationships in western part goldfield (see Chapman et al., 2010). Gold considered association with chemical controls on alloy establish whether variation between signatures represents...

A new approach is presented for the analysis of lead isotopes in gold using solution and laser ablation multi-collector inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). Repeat analyses two reference materials (RAuGP3: 34.1 ± 0.5 ppm Pb RAuGP5: 129 4 Pb, from SPEX CertiPrep Ltd) yield an external reproducibility <150 207Pb/206Pb 208Pb/206Pb <250 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb 208Pb/204Pb after separation a two-stage ion exchange chromatography methodology. External <600 achieved analyses....

A study of both in situ and detrital gold from different deposit types British Columbia was undertaken to establish deposit-specific compositional characteristics terms alloy composition suites mineral inclusions. The is based on 11,840 particles 160 localities which nine are represented, although there a strong bias towards orogenic, low-sulphidation epithermal, alkalic porphyry origin. In general, Ag values alloys not powerful discriminator for type, but minor metals may prove useful where...

Abstract Mineral inclusions within native gold are features of lode occurrences that preserved in detrital particles. Inclusion assemblages populations particles placers from specific localities revealed through inspection polished sections, and assimilation robust data sets permits reconstruction the source mineralogy. differ considerably according to deposit type, various approaches have been employed graphically represent inclusion We present a simple method for depicting comparing using...

Abstract Placer gold particles have traditionally been considered as either detrital products of weathering or authigenic minerals growing within placers. Recent advances in understanding chemistry/bio-geochemistry demonstrate that growth specific environments is plausible, but opinions differ on the importance ‘new’ overall placer inventory. Here we draw upon visual inspection over 40 000 polished particle sections from locations worldwide to evaluate implications alloy composition and...

Abstract Detrital gold fulfils the criteria of chemical inertia and physical durability required by indicator minerals but it has not found wide application in this role because may be formed different deposit types. This problem is soluble, generic compositional features hydrothermal differ according to mineralization environment. The distribution as a minor component where other commodities are principal exploration target extends potential an methodology based on detrital beyond search...