Study of the unique leaf anatomy and chloroplast structure in shade-adapted plants will aid our understanding how use light efficiently low environments. Unusual chloroplasts terms size thylakoid membrane stacking have been described previously several deep-shade plants. In this study, a single giant cup-shaped chloroplast, termed bizonoplast, was found abaxial epidermal cells dorsal microphylls adaxial ventral spike moss Selaginella erythropus. Bizonoplasts are dimorphic ultrastructure:...

In seeds with deep simple epicotyl morphophysiological dormancy, warm and cold stratification are required to break dormancy of the radicle shoot, respectively. Although shoot remains inside seed all winter, little is known about its growth morphological development prior emergence in spring. The aims present study were determine temperature requirements for Viburnum betulifolium V. parvifolium monitor epicotyl, plumule cotyledons root-emerged seeds.Fresh pre-treated incubated under various...

Studies on seed storage of Chionanthus retusus Lindl. & Paxt. revealed an orthodox behavior, one which showed both desiccation and freezing tolerance. An epicotyl after-ripening dormancy was expressed in C. seeds by slow growth the shoot apex relative to more rapid radicle when were germinated at 30/20 degrees Although these exhibit protrusion, they must be after-ripened for another 8-10 weeks C order obtain normal growth. Removal endosperm, however, quickly stimulated cotyledon emergence...

The peanut witches' broom (PnWB) phytoplasma causes virescence symptoms such as phyllody (leafy flower) in infected peanuts. However, the obligate nature of limits study host-pathogen interactions, and detailed anatomy PnWB-infected plants has yet to be reported. Here, we demonstrate that 4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining can used track PnWB infection. DAPI-stained cells were observed phloem/internal phloem tissues, changes vascular bundle morphology, including increasing pith...

ABSTRACT: This study measures the electric conductance and examines microscopic structure of bamboo shoots, sugarcane, lettuce stem, mustard stem. The readings vary from 0.09 S/m to 0.72 across 0.19 0.46 along stem is higher than in shoots while reverse true orientation vascular bundles shape parenchyma cells are proposed account for different same vegetable directions. appear influence more when both factors present time.

The surface growth strains and the distribution of internal stresses in woody palms, coconut ( Cocos nucifera L.), were determined by measuring released kerf method using strain gauges. Measurements showed that longitudinal tensile existed at cortex, while compressive periphery central cylinder. These may be generated from fibers located scattered fiber vascular bundles. In cylinder narrow wide trunks, both positive negative observed, indicating existence some trunks. amount stress varied...

Distributions of growth strains in branches, straight trunks and basal sweeping Chamaecyparis formosensis Matsum. trees were measured with strain gauges. Microfibril angles (MFAs) the S2 layer cell wall by iodine deposition method their relationships examined. The magnitude compressive stress on lower side a sweep was greater than that tensile at surface trunks. However, transverse similar around trunk regardless whether normal wood or compression present. released varied MFA. At MFAs 20-25...

Yellow cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl. var. formosana (Hayata) Rehder) is the predominant tree species of Taiwan's nutrient-poor, mountain fog forests. Little known about potential contribution solute uptake from to overall nutrition these trees. Shoots yellow seedlings were misted with artificial containing tracer rubidium (Rb) in laboratory and field experiments determine if there fog. After misting shoots for six weeks, substantial amounts detected unexposed roots by...

Abstract BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed that mammalian galectin‐1 (GAL1) could interact with chitosan or chitin, one component of the peritrophic membrane (PM). This finding suggests PM be a target GAL1, which prompted authors to explore effect GAL1 on larval growth and its potential mechanism. RESULTS: The development Plutella xylostella (L.) larvae was significantly disturbed after they were fed recombinant GAL1. histochemical structure immunostaining pattern suggested treatment...

Abstract Although mature seeds of the monogeneric conifer family Cephalotaxaceae sensu stricto have underdeveloped embryos, no definitive studies been done to classify dormancy in this family. Our primary purpose was determine kind Cephalotaxus wilsoniana and put results into a broad phylogenetic context for gymnosperms. The species is horticultural medicinal value, information needed on how propagate it efficiently from seeds. Embryo growth germination were monitored at warm, cold warm plus...

The genus Ficus is unique in that it has a closed inflorescence (fig) holding all of the flowers inside its cavity, which isolated from outside world by fleshy barrier: fig wall. wall main structure fig, giving shape, but also important ecological functions such as protection seeds and wasp larvae. Nevertheless, anatomy poorly understood. This study aims to examine 22 taxa (21 species, one species having two varieties) Taiwan reveal diversity We found these 21 exhibited great variety...

The variation of resin ducts in needles Pinus taiwanensis along an altitude gradient (700 m- 3,100 m) central Taiwan is revealed for the first time this study, including position type, number, size, arrangement pattern and anatomical structural variation. Three types ducts-medial, external septal-were found according to their relative positions mesophyll. All sampled showed combinations these three duct types. Mostly, 3-7 were mesophyll per needle, number was significantly greater at mid...

The chemical composition of the wax layer and green epidermis at surface giant bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro) culms were conveniently analyzed through diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) with Si-Carb sampling technique.Results from radial lignin content profiling showed that in middle was lower than layers either inner or outer culms.As for longitudinal depth profiling, contents increased gradually top toward base portion.The distribution growth strains direction...

Venuloid idioblasts are vein-like structures. In Pteris, they long epidermal cells with very thick cell walls. this study, venuloid of Pteris grevilleana were investigated various light microscopic (LM) and scanning electron (SEM) techniques the main purposes these summarized discussed. To investigate morphology distribution idioblasts, partial polarization LM technique cryo-tabletop-SEM used. The had lobed margins, acute or round ends, could be found on both upper lower epidermis fertile...

Abstract: The structure of cells with calcium oxalate crystals and their nelghbouring has been studied by light transmission electron microscopy at different stages bean leaf development. Plants were grown varying supply to identify a possible influence nutrition on cell structure. Crystals are formed inside the vacuole already highly vacuolated bundle sheath extensions. membrane around crystal is continuous plasmalemma. contains membraneous structures. In fully expanded becomes ensheathed...