The specific roles that different types of neurons play in recovery from injury is poorly understood. Here, we show increasing the excitability ipsilaterally projecting, excitatory V2a using designer receptors exclusively activated by drugs (DREADDs) restores rhythmic bursting activity to a previously paralyzed diaphragm within hours, days, or weeks following C2 hemisection injury. Further, decreasing impairs tonic after as well activation inspiratory chemosensory stimulation, but does not...

Aging induces a progressive decline in vasoconstrictor responses central and peripheral arteries. This study investigated the hypothesis that vascular smooth muscle (VSM) contractile function declines with age soleus feed arteries (SFA). Contractile of cannulated SFA isolated from young (4 months) old (24 Fischer 344 rats was assessed by measuring constrictor denuded (endothelium removed) to norepinephrine (NE), phenylephrine (PE), angiotensin II (Ang II). In addition, we role RhoA signaling...

Lymph flow depends on both the rate of lymph production by tissues and extent passive active pumping. Here we aim to characterize mechanical properties a lymphangion in mid-lymphangion valve segments assess regional differences along lymphangion, as well evaluating its structural composition.Mesenteric lymphatic vessels were isolated cannulated microchamber for pressure-diameter (P-D) testing. Vessels inflated from 0 20 cmH(2)O at 4 cmH(2)O/min, vessel diameter was continuously tracked,...

The cholesterol biosynthesis pathway has recently been shown to play an important role in the innate immune response viral infection with host protection occurring through a coordinate down regulation of enzymes catalysing each metabolic step. In contrast, statin based drugs, which form principle pharmaceutical agents for decreasing activity this pathway, target single enzyme. Here, we build ordinary differential equation model order investigate how two regulatory strategies impact upon...

Although it is known that noncatalytic region of tyrosine kinase (Nck) regulates cell adhesion and migration by bridging phosphorylation with cytoskeletal remodeling, the role Nck in tumorigenesis metastasis has remained undetermined. Here we report required for growth vascularization primary tumors lung metastases a breast cancer xenograft model as well extravasation following injection carcinoma cells into tail vein. We provide evidence directs polarization cell-matrix interactions...

Abstract Petrographic observations are vital for carbonate pore‐typing, linking geological frameworks to petrophysical behavior. However, current petrographic pore typing is manual, with the qualitative semi‐quantitative results not easily fitted into quantitative subsurface characterization. Some recent studies have automated this process using supervised machine learning (ML) and deep (DL), focusing on simple morphological features, reported high classification accuracies several complex...

The adoption of cell-based therapies into the clinic will require tremendous large-scale expansion to satisfy future demand, and bioreactor-microcarrier cultures are best suited meet this challenge. use spherical microcarriers, however, precludes in-process visualization monitoring cell number, morphology, culture health. development novel methods also motivates advancement analytical used characterize these microcarrier cultures. A robust optical imaging image-analysis assay...

Multicomponent tissue models are viable tools to better understand cell responses in complex environments, but present challenges when investigated with live microscopy noninvasively. In this study, integrated nonlinear optical microscopy-optical coherence (NLOM-OCM) was used characterize interactions within three-dimensional (3-D), multicomponent extracellular matrices. fibrin-collagen mixtures, 3T3 fibroblasts were observed recruit both fibrin and collagen fibers while remodeling Also,...

In plants, the trafficking mechanisms by which sterols move through plant and into target cells are unknown. Earlier studies identified endosomes as primary candidates for internalization of in but these results have come question. Here, we show that elongating root cells, sterol occurs primarily a non-endocytic mechanism. Added fluorescent [dehydroergosterol (DHE) BODIPY-cholesterol (BCh)] do not initially label protein markers or internalized FM4-64. Instead, nuclear envelope, an organelle...

We report the application of ultrashort pulse microscopy (UPM) for integrated imaging embryonic development at tissue, cell, and molecular length scales. The UPM is a multimodal platform that utilizes broad-power spectrum high-peak power 10-fs pulses to render two-photon excited signals short coherence gate such optical signals. show efficiently excite cellular autofluorescence in developing zebrafish embryos tissues are readily visualized individual cells can be monitored, providing...

During embryogenesis, presumptive brain compartments are patterned by dynamic networks of gene expression. The spatiotemporal dynamics these networks, however, have not been characterized with sufficient resolution for us to understand the regulatory logic resulting in morphogenetic cellular behaviors that give its shape. We developed a new, integrated approach using ultrashort pulse microscopy [a high-resolution, two-photon fluorescence (2PF)-optical coherence (OCM) platform 10-fs pulses]...

Abstract Cholesterol biosynthesis serves as a central metabolic hub for numerous biological processes in health and disease. An integrative knowledge representation of how the cholesterol pathway is structured it interacts with other systems lacking. Here we provide using Systems Biology Graphical Notation research synthesis process diagram integrating regulatory feedback synthesis.

We present a robust fiber-based setup for Bessel-like beam extended depth-of-focus Fourier-domain optical coherence microscopy, where the is generated in higher order mode fiber module. In this module stable guided LP02 core selectively excited by long period grating written fiber. Imaging performance of system terms lateral resolution and depth focus was analyzed using samples suspended microbeads compared to case illumination provided fundamental LP01 single Illumination with allowed down...

Cholesterol biosynthesis serves as a central metabolic hub for numerous biological processes in health and disease. An integrative knowledge representation of how the cholesterol pathway is structured it interacts with other systems lacking. Here we provide using Systems Biology Graphical Notation research synthesis process diagram integrating regulatory feedback synthesis.

The first study to propose a binary framing for machine learning driven petrographic pore typing• Linear and non-linear models perform equally well idealized microfractures pores• We highlight the need greater scrutiny in AI typing

Precisely measuring the number and somatic volume of neurons in central nervous system at single-cell resolution is technically challenging. Here, we combine multiple techniques to address this challenge optically cleared mouse spinal cords. We describe vivo neuron labeling approaches, tissue-clearing technology, light sheet fluorescence microscopy, machine learning-guided imaging analysis. This combination provides a precise determination cell any population

Watermelon fruit contains a high percentage of amino acid citrulline (Cit) and arginine (Arg). Cit Arg accumulation in watermelon are most likely mediated by both de novo synthesis from other acids within fruits direct import source tissues (leaves) through the phloem. The transporters involved Cit, Arg, their precursors into developing have not been reported. In this study, we compiled list putative characterized that expressed early stage development. Using yeast complementation ClAAP3...

SignificanceThe ability to observe and monitor cell density morphology has been imperative for assessing the health of a culture producing high quality, yield cultures decades. Microcarrier-based cultures, used large-scale cellular expansion processes, are not compatible with traditional visualization-based methods, such as widefield microscopy, due their thickness material composition.AimHere, we assess optical imaging compatibilities commercial polystyrene microcarriers versus...

Graphical Abstract Highlights We model the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway and its regulation The innate immune response leads to a suppression of flux through Statin inhibitors show different mode inhibitor is less robust specific than Asbtract has recently been shown play an important role in viral infection with host protection occurring coordinate down enzymes catalyzing each metabolic step. In contrast, statin based drugs, which form principle pharmaceutical agents for decreasing...