Evidence suggests a critical role for dopamine in the reinforcing effects of cocaine rats and primates. However, self-administration has been less often studied mouse species, and, to date, "knock-out" individual dopamine-related genes mice not reported reduce cocaine. We D1 receptor using combination gene-targeted mutation pharmacological tools. Two cohorts with varied breeding experimental histories were tested, both cohorts, there was significant decrease number knock-out that met...

Sex differences in spatial navigation indicate that women may focus on positional, landmark cues whereas men favor Euclidean, directional cues. Some studies have investigated sex proximal and distal cue use; however, gradient (i.e., graded features) pinpoint single, defined) perception remain unexamined. In the current experiments, paired photographs were presented which 2nd photograph showed same scene with removed (Experiment 1) or isolated 2) from 1st photograph. Experiment 1, less...

Topiramate has recently been found to be more effective than placebo as an adjunct treatment for alcohol dependence, but it not yet investigated in animal models of ethanol consumption. The current experiment examined the effects topiramate on drinking mice using a continuous access, two-bottle choice procedure.C57BL/6J male were offered 10% v/v solution versus tap water over 4 consecutive days per week. Mice assigned (1-50 mg/kg) or saline groups and received injections before beginning...

Abstract Prenatal ethanol exposure results in spatial navigation deficits young and mid‐aged animals. In contrast, postnatal handling attenuates that emerge with age animals are not handled. Therefore, we investigated the ability of to attenuate prenatally exposed (E). Sprague‐Dawley male offspring from E, pair‐fed (PF), control (C) groups were handled (H) or nonhandled (NH) 1 15 days tested on Morris water maze at 2 13 14 months age. animals, H‐E males had longer latencies locate submerged...

Background: Topiramate, an anticonvulsant, has been reported to increase the number of abstinent days and decrease craving in alcohol‐dependent individuals. However, neurobiological basis for topiramate's effect is unknown. To assess on ethanol's rewarding conditioning effects, present experiments examined effects topiramate acquisition expression ethanol‐induced conditioned place preference (CPP) DBA/2J C57BL/6J mice. Methods: A biased apparatus subject assignment were used. Mice received...

Abstract To further the potential for applied personality studies, we present a methodology assessing in nonhuman animals without priori assumptions, using behavioral measures to discriminate survey results. Our study group consisted of 12 free-ranging, provisioned, adult Tibetan macaques Macaca thibetana at Valley Wild Monkeys, China. We asked familiar Chinese park guards and scientists rate each 27-item surveys. also recorded observations (> 100 hrs) from August–September, 2012. The...

Framing uncertain scenarios to emphasize potential positive or negative elements influences decision making and behavior. The current experiment investigated sex differences in framing effects on risk-taking propensity a modified version of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). Male female undergraduates completed questionnaires sensation seeking, impulsiveness, risk benefit perception prior viewing one three conditions for BART: (1) positively-framed instructions emphasizing ability earn...

Abstract While the process of habituation is essential for researchers to observe primates in their natural habitats, ethical dilemmas may arise from its consequences. We collected data 286 participants via an online survey investigate: (a) how primatologists perceive duties toward subjects; (b) extent which are concerned about potential consequences habituation; and (c) methods use reduce harms caused by habituation. Overall, felt extremely strong duty mitigate that they cause (e.g., not...

Abstract Animal-care workers are at risk of compassion fatigue (i.e., experiencing burnout and secondary traumatic stress [ STS ]) which has been shown to adversely impact employee wellbeing, organizational productivity, caregiving quality in other fields. The current cross-cultural analysis explored among 46 primate sanctuary across three continents who completed the Professional Quality Life (ProQOL) scale Trauma-Informed Organizational Culture ( TIOC ) survey, answered questions about...

Prenatal ethanol exposure results in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) hyperresponsiveness to stress the adult animal. In contrast, an early environmental manipulation, termed "postnatal handling," has been shown result decreased and/or less prolonged HPA activity response moderate stressors throughout lifespan of The effects both prenatal and postnatal handling on may be mediated by altered feedback regulation axis. present study tested hypothesis that could attenuate impact hormonal...

The current experiment investigated real three-dimensional (3D) objects with regard to performance on a mental rotation task and whether the appearance of sex differences may be mediated by experiences spatially related activities. 40 men women were presented alternating timed trials consisting real-3D or two-dimensional illustrations 3D objects. Sex in activities did not significantly influence finding that outperformed either stimulus type. However, measures spatial activities,...

Variations in maternal behavior, either occurring naturally or response to experimental manipulations, have been shown exert long‐lasting consequences on offspring behavior and physiology. Despite previous research examining the effects of developmental manipulations drug‐related phenotypes, few studies specifically investigated influence strain‐based differences drug responses mice. The current experiments used reciprocal F1 hybrids two inbred mouse strains (i.e. DBA/2J C57BL/6J) that...

Dextromethorphan (DXM) is a widely available antitussive that has, at elevated dose levels, euphoric and dissociative effects. This article presents the reported patterns preferences of DXM use, perceptions use among adult members an online community. Analyses were conducted quantitative qualitative responses from nine female 43 male individuals, aged 18-63 years old. All respondents illegal drug beginning, on average, 15.7 17.1 age, respectively. The majority first heard about or friend,...

Prenatal ethanol exposure results in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) hyperresponsiveness to stressors adult animals. Possible mechanisms mediating this alteration HPA responsiveness include stress-associated changes corticosterone (CORT) feedback signals, alterations CORT signals under basal conditions, and CORT-independent mechanisms.We examined the effects of adrenalectomy (ADX) replacement with a constant, low-level signal via CORT/cholesterol pellets on responses restraint stress....

Reducing stigma could improve well-being and decrease discrimination toward persons with mental illness.The current study investigated the impact of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) knowledge characteristics a person suffering from PTSD symptoms on stigmatization.University students (n = 560) read one twelve vignettes describing someone who varied by gender, military status, precipitating trauma. Then, participants rated their own responses to in vignette (i.e. personal stigma),...

This article reviews the importance of multiple stakeholders in program development, including essential role university and community partnerships.Yakima Valley College—a two-year, Hispanic-serving institution—partnered with four-year universities, agricultural centers, businesses, federal state agencies to develop a streamlined undergraduate research experience which students work closely faculty mentor STEM field on summer projects 120 hours each.

Abstract Public acceptance of genetic modification (GM) technologies may be essential to their continued development, yet few studies have investigated the manner in which demographic and educational factors predict support for GM research. The current study examined attitudes toward animal research ~400 university undergraduates enrolled introductory or upper-level psychology courses with material on experimentation. Results revealed that men were more accepting than women. Enrollment...

Abstract Capture–recapture (CRC) is a method of population estimation pioneered in biology that allows the surveyor to approximate proportion individuals who evaded sampling efforts (i.e., captures) based on repeated samples from same population. The current national standard for estimating homelessness single-day enumeration called point-in-time (PIT) count. By using local community action agency’s homeless outreach program and cold weather shelter as two distinct sources capture data CRC...