A5087877383- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- Plant and animal studies
- Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
- Animal and Plant Science Education
- Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Electromagnetic Launch and Propulsion Technology
- Environmental DNA in Biodiversity Studies
- Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Amphibian and Reptile Biology
- Biomimetic flight and propulsion mechanisms
- Environmental Education and Sustainability
- Spacecraft Design and Technology
- Conservation, Ecology, Wildlife Education
- Research Data Management Practices
- Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
- Insect and Pesticide Research
- Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
- Sustainability and Climate Change Governance
- Nuclear Materials and Properties
- Scientific Computing and Data Management
- Magnetic confinement fusion research
Western University of Health Sciences
2024
University of Massachusetts Boston
2007-2023
Yale University
2023
Boston University
2016-2023
Institute of Natural Sciences
2023
Vanderbilt University
2023
Cornell Lab of Ornithology
2023
Atlas of Living Australia
2023
Griffith University
2023
Environmental Earth Sciences
2023
An understanding of interactions between the thermal physiology and ecology ectotherms remains elusive, partly because information on relative performance whole-animal physiological systems at ecologically relevant body temperatures is limited. After discussing that have direct links to (e.g., growth, locomotor ability), we review analytical methods describing comparing certain aspects (including optimal temperature range, breadth), apply these techniques in an example sensitivity locomotion...
We describe a research protocol for evaluating temperature regulation from data on small field-active ectothermic animals, especially lizards. The requires body temperatures (Tb) of ectotherms, available operative (Te, "null temperatures" nonregulating animals), and the thermoregulatory set-point range (preferred temperatures, Tset). These are used to estimate several quantitative indexes that collectively summarize regulation: "precision" (variance in Tb, or an equivalent metric),...
A series of simple heat-transfer models (termed the basic, conduction, physiological, and wet-skin models) is derived to examine a large number behavioral physiological mechanisms that are used by terrestrial ectotherms control body temperature (Tb; table 1). The reaffirm two generalizations: (1) in environments where solar radiation available, may provide range Tb's many times greater than results from adjustments; (2) among mechanisms, seasonal daily activity appear be most critical...
Biologists have developed a wide range of morphological, biochemical and physiological metrics to assess the health and, in particular, energetic status individual animals. These originated quantify aspects human health, but also proven useful address questions life history, ecology resource management game commercial We review application condition indices (CI) for conservation studies focus on measures that fat reserves, known be critical energetically challenging activities such as...
A nonequilibrium heat-transfer model is used to calculate the extreme range of body temperatures available ectotherms different masses. At about 1 kg a transition occurs in amplitudes imposed on terrestrial ectotherm's potential temperature by daily cycling thermal environment. Animals smaller than can choose wide temperatures, whereas animals larger experience ranges Tb. The Tb that small insects limited Ta, which, however, be large boundary layer perching surfaces. Data from literature...
The body temperature (Tb) of garter snakes (Thamnophis elegans) can vary considerably in the course a day (e.g., 4-33 C), and information on how Tb affects physiological behavioral processes is required to evaluate significance that variation. We measured crawling speed, swimming tongue-flicking rate, digestive oxygen consumption at Tb's 5-35 C collected eastern Washington acclimated September field photoperiod cycles. All functions were strongly dependent Tb. maximum speed (X̄ = 0.74 m s−1)...
Data quality is a primary concern for researchers employing public participation in scientific research (PPSR) or "citizen science'' approach. This mode of collaboration relies on contributions from large, often unknown population volunteers with variable expertise. In survey PPSR projects, we found that most projects employ multiple mechanisms to ensure data and appropriate levels validation. We created framework 18 commonly employed by ensuring quality, based direct experience the authors...
ABSTRACT Mechanical work output was determined for an indirect flight muscle, the first dorsoventral, of tobacco hawkmoth Manduca sexta. Work per cycle calculated from area force-position loops obtained during phasic electrical stimulation (1 stimulus cycle−1) and imposed sinusoidal length change. There optimal phase change (strain) that maximized (loop area) at constant frequency temperature. When increased temperature, then decreased. It always possible to find a output. also existed...
To conserve species, we must first identify them. Field researchers, land managers, educators, and citizen scientists need up-to-date accessible tools to organisms, organize data, share observations. Emerging technologies complement traditional, book-form field guides by providing users with a wealth of multimedia data. We review technical innovations next-generation guides, including Web-based stand-alone applications, interactive multiple-access keys, visual-recognition software adapted...
An overview is presented of the general status materials research and development activities related to needs controlled thermonuclear fusion reactors. Emphasis placed on applications pertinent magnetic confinement reactor concepts vis-à-vis inertial requirements; this reflects greater maturity technology programs. The efforts associated with for first-wall are given special attention; in addition, programs aimed at nonfirst-wall or nonstructural requirements also reviewed.
Differing conclusions have been reached as to how or whether varying heat production has a thermoregulatory function in flying honeybees Apis mellifera. We investigated the effects of air temperature on flight metabolic rate, water loss, wingbeat frequency, body segment temperatures and behavior transparent containment outdoors. For periods voluntary, uninterrupted, self-sustaining flight, rate was independent between 19 37 degrees C. Thorax (T(th)) were very stable, with slope thorax 0.18....
The importance of body size in predicting many aspects an animal's biology has become well established recent years. However, little is known about how evolves at the cellular level. Some published data suggest that it cell number and not accompanies changes organ across taxa. We examined allometry wing, eye basitarsus adult Hawaiian Drosophila, ranging length from 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm. Linear measurements all three structures exhibit a positive with length. Exponents allometric equation were...
Nocturnal Sphingidae (hawkmoths or sphinx moths) are important pollinators in tropical forests. Hawkmoth flowers typically white to the human eye. As retinas of hawkmoths contain ultraviolet-sensitive photoreceptors, flower patterns reflecting ultraviolet wavelengths (that not visible humans) might be significant sphingid feeding behavior. The ten hawkmoth-pollinated species were examined with an sensitive video system Monteverde, Costa Rica. All found lack reflectance. A common hawkmoth...
Pregnant female golden-mantled ground squirrels (Spermophilus saturatus) were captured in the field and maintained laboratory at 22° C on a diet of Purina Rodent Chow. ® Three to five young born (mode 4) each litter. Growth was linear (2.13 g • d⁻¹) for first 30-35 d, by end which reached thermal nutritional independence. From time this transition until adult body mass day 60, growth rate increased more than 2.5-fold (5.67 d⁻¹). Pup birth independent litter size (mean 5.97g), but average...
ABSTRACT The spectral sensitivity of nectar feeding by adults the tobacco hawkmoth Manduca sexta was measured in free-choice experiments. action spectrum displayed a narrow peak at 450 nm and low secondary maximum 560 nm. Thus, response is mediated primarily blue-sensitive receptors containing photopigment P450, while green-sensitive P520 play minor role. A minimum 500 separating two peaks suggests mutual inhibition between green blue or negative interaction more proximally visual system....
1. The efficiency of the metathoracic tergosternal muscle locust Schistocerca americana was examined by simultaneously measuring work output from and oxygen consumption muscle. determined using work‐loop technique in which is subjected to periodic strain phasic stimulation cycle. area loop formed plotting force against length over a cycle net for that 2. synchronous, parallel‐fibred containing two motor units with similar contraction kinetics. average twitch rise time (30 degrees C) 15 ms,...
In response to recent discussion about terminology, we propose "tracking science" as a term that is more inclusive than citizen science. Our suggestion set against post-colonial political background and large-scale migrations, in which "citizen" becoming an increasingly contentious term. As diverse group of authors from several continents, our priority deliberate all-inclusive, so it could be adopted by everyone who participates science or contributes scientific knowledge, regardless...
On four occasions between spring and fall we studied populations of eight species tenebrionid beetles in the arid Artemisia steppe eastern Washington, USA. We obtained simultaneous but independent measures (1) times at which were active, (2) body temperature (T b ) active on surface, (3) meteorological parameters (temperatures, radiation, wind seed). Ninety—seven percent 255 T 's April October ranged 10° 30°C (mean = 20°), observed no systematic seasonal shift beetles. In contrast,...