Background. Health-related quality of life (HRQL) preference-based scores are used to assess the health populations and patients for cost-effectiveness analyses. The National Institutes Health Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS ® ) consists patient-reported outcome measures developed using item response theory. PROMIS is in need a direct scoring system assigning values states. Objective. To produce societal 7 domains: Cognitive Function–Abilities, Depression,...

The PROMIS-Preference (PROPr) score is a recently developed summary for the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). PROPr preference-based scoring system seven PROMIS domains created using multiplicative multi-attribute utility theory. It serves as generic, societal, of health-related quality life. This manuscript evaluates construct validity in two large samples from US general population.We utilized 2 online panel surveys, Estimation Survey and Profiles-Health...

<h3>Importance</h3> The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized SARS-CoV-2 rapid at-home self-test kits for individuals with without symptoms. How appropriately users interpret act on the results of COVID-19 self-tests is unknown. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess how when given instructions by FDA, based decision science principles, or no instructions. <h3>Design, Setting, Participants</h3> A randomized clinical trial was conducted 360 adults in who were recruited April 2021 to complete...

This randomized clinical trial investigates whether a 1-page information sheet proposed by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) can provide patients with sufficient to use mifepristone safely effectively.

A preference-based health utility score (PROPr) can be calculated using Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System domain scores. We assessed the construct validity of PROPr among patients treated with KRT (hemodialysis or kidney transplant).We performed a secondary analysis data collected in multicenter, cross-sectional studies adults KRT, recruited between April 2016 to March 2020 Toronto, Canada. All participants provided informed consent. The outcome was score....

Lay judgments of environmental risks are central to both immediate decisions (e.g., taking shelter from a storm) and long-term ones building in locations subject storm surges). Using methods quantitative psychology, we provide general approach studying lay perceptions risks. As first application these methods, investigate setting where have not taken full advantage advances natural science understanding: tornado forecasts the US Canada. Because official imperfect, members public must often...

Background. In a systematic review, Engel et al. found large variation in the exclusion criteria used to remove responses held not represent genuine preferences health state valuation studies. We offer an empirical approach characterizing similarities and differences among such criteria. Setting. Our analyses use data from online survey that elicited for states defined by domains Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS ® ), with U.S. nationally representative sample...

In this manuscript we study type $A$ nilpotent Hessenberg varieties equipped with a natural $S^1$-action using techniques introduced by Tymoczko, Harada-Tymoczko, and Bayegan-Harada, particular emphasis on special class of Springer corresponding to the partition $\lambda= (n-2,2)$ for $n \geq 4$. First define adjacent-pair matrix any filling Young diagram $n$ boxes alphabet $\{1,2,\ldots,n\}$. Using make more explicit also extend some statements concerning highest forms linear operators in...

Background Under-triage of severely injured patients presenting to non-trauma centers (failure transfer a trauma center) remains problematic despite quality improvement efforts. Insights from the behavioral science literature suggest that physician heuristics (intuitive judgments), and in particular representativeness heuristic (pattern recognition), may contribute under-triage. However, little is known about how instantiated practice. Methods A multi-disciplinary group experts identified...

Evidence-based medicine recognizes that clinical expertise gained through experience is essential to good medical practice. However, it not known what beliefs clinicians hold about how personal and scientific knowledge contribute their decision making those vary between professions, which themselves along relevant characteristics, such as evidence base.

Risk-cost-benefit analysis requires the enumeration of decision alternatives, their associated outcomes, and quantification uncertainty. Public private decision-making surrounding COVID-19 pandemic must contend with uncertainty about probability infection during activities involving groups people, in order to decide whether that activity is worth undertaking. We propose a model SARS-CoV-2 can produce estimates relative risk for diverse activities, so long as those meet list assumptions,...

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged an array of democratic institutions in complex and unprecedented ways. Little academic work, however, considered the pandemic’s impact on Canada’s courts. This article aims to partially fill that gap by exploring Canadian court system’s response COVID-19 prospects for administering justice amid disasters, all through lens resilience. After taking a forensic look at how system managed challenges brought COVID-19, we argue...

In "Self-adjoint Operators as Functions I: Lattices, Galois Connections, and the Spectral Order" [arXiv:1208.4724], it was shown that self-adjoint operators affiliated with a von Neumann algebra N can equivalently be described certain real-valued functions on projection lattice P(N) of algebra, which we call q-observable functions. Here, show interpreted generalised quantile for quantum observables random variables. More generally, when L is complete meet-semilattice, L-valued cumulative...

Background. Health-related quality of life (HRQL) scores are used extensively to quantify the effectiveness medical interventions. Societal preference-based HRQL aim produce societal valuations health by aggregating from individuals in general population, where each aggregation procedure embodies different ethical principles, as explained social choice theory. Methods. Using Health Utilities Index an exemplar, we evaluate measures theory framework. Results. We find that current preference...

Background. Researchers often justify excluding some responses in studies eliciting valuations of health states as not representing respondents' true preferences. Here, we examine the effects applying 8 common exclusion criteria on societal utility estimates. Setting. An online survey a US nationally representative sample (N = 1164) used standard gamble method to elicit preferences for defined by 7 domains from Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®). Methods. We...

Clinical expertise has since 1891 a Swedish counterpart in proven experience. This study aims to increase our understanding of clinicians' views their professional expertise, both as source or body knowledge and skill quality. We examine how healthcare personnel view captured by the (legally culturally relevant) concept "proven experience," through survey administered simple random sample physicians nurses (2018, n = 560). is first empirical attempt analyse notion experience it understood...

Commercialization of a new material or process invention can take decades. A predominance tacit knowledge, information asymmetries, and insufficient human capital with knowledge in the field contribute to this delay. Focusing on an emerging technology which offers extreme example such issues, we seek capture what expert decision-making looks like at technological frontier opportunities for interventions accelerate commercialization technologies these issues. We elicit implicit explicit...

Introduction The Neuro-QoL is a standardized approach to assessing health-related quality of life in people with neurological conditions, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Item banks were developed item response theory (IRT) methodology so items are calibrated along continuum each construct. purpose this study was develop preference-based scoring algorithm for the derive utilities that could be used economic modeling. Methods With input from neurologists, 6 domains selected based on...

Observables of a quantum system, described by self-adjoint operators in von Neumann algebra or affiliated with it the unbounded case, form conditionally complete lattice when equipped spectral order. Using this order-theoretic structure, we develop new perspective on observables. In first paper (of two), show that can equivalently be as certain real-valued functions projection algebra, which call q-observable functions. Bounded correspond to compact image non-zero projections. These...

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID) pandemic has challenged an array of democratic institutions in complex, unexpected and unprecedented ways. Little academic work, however, considered the pandemic's impact on Canada's judicial institutions. This paper aims to fill that gap by exploring Canadian system's response COVID prospects for administering justice amidst disasters, all through lens resilience. After taking a forensic look at how system managed challenges brought COVID, we argue...