Relationships between behavioral and physiological symptoms of preslaughter stress LM Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) were investigated using Bos taurus steers (n = 79) heifers 77). Measurements heart rate, respiration rectal temperature, concentrations serum cortisol plasma epinephrine used as indicators associated with physical handling chute restraint, whereas cortisol, glucose, lactate, creatine kinase in blood samples obtained at exsanguination measured to reflect reactions animals...

Performance and Cu status were measured in growing finishing steers supplemented with different copper (Cu) concentrations sources. Sixty Angus (n = 36) x Hereford 24) stratified by weight initial liver concentration within a breed randomly assigned to treatments. Treatments consisted of 1) control (no supplemental Cu); 2) 20 mg Cu/kg DM from sulfate (CuSO4); 3) 40 CuSO4; 4) Cu/ kg citrate (C6H4Cu2O7); 5) proteinate; 6) tribasic chloride (Cu2(OH)3Cl). A corn silage-soybean meal-based diet...

Sixty Angus steers (391.1±6.1 kg) were used to determine the effects of dietary Cu concentration on lipid metabolism and ruminal fermentation. Steers stratified by weight randomly assigned treatments. Treatments consisted 0 (control), 10, or 20 mg supplemental (as CuSO4)/kg diet DM. housed in pens equipped with individual electronic Calan gate feeders. On d 86 92, fluid was collected from two steers/treatment for IVDMD determination. Equal numbers per treatment slaughtered after receiving...

Two hundred and sixteen weanling gilts (6.65 ± 0.08 kg) were used to determine the effects of decreasing supplemental concentrations Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, trace mineral source (inorganic vs. chelated) on growth performance, status, fecal from weaning through development. The study was conducted over three trials with 72 pigs in each trial. Gilts blocked by weight randomly assigned either 1) control, 2) reduced inorganic, or 3) chelated minerals. control diet supplemented 25, 150, 180, 60 mg/kg Mn...

Ruminants are a critical human food source and have been implicated as potentially important of global methane emissions. Because their unique digestive physiology, ruminants rely upon symbiotic relationship with the complex rich community microorganism in foregut to allow digestion carbohydrates. This study used 16S rRNA gene sequencing investigate composition microbial communities from three rumen micro-environments cattle fed identical diets: (1) free fluid, (2) fibrous pack, (3) mucosa....

We conducted an experiment to determine the effects of dietary copper (Cu) source and level on carcass characteristics, longissimus muscle fatty acid composition, serum cholesterol concentrations in steers. Sixty Angus × Hereford steers were stratified by weight initial liver Cu concentration within a breed randomly assigned treatments. Treatments consisted of: 1) control (no supplemental Cu); 2) 20 mg Cu/kg DM from sulfate (CuSO4); 3) 40 CuSO4; 4) citrate; 5) proteinate; 6) tribasic...

Crossbred, multiparous beef cows (n = 178 in Year 1; n 148 2) were used to evaluate the effects of Cu, Zn, and Mn supplementation source on reproduction, mineral status, performance grazing cattle eastern Colorado over a 2-yr period. Cows stratified by expected calving date, age, BW, BCS, liver status assigned following treatments: 1) control (no supplemental or Mn); organic (ORG; 50% inorganic 3) (ING; 100% CuSO4, ZnSO4, MnSO4). Free-choice feeders provide current NRC-recommended...

Effects of ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC) supplementation on growth performance and carcass characteristics feedlot steers differing in biological type were investigated using British, Continental crossbred, Brahman crossbred calf-fed (n = 420). Steers each weighed at reimplantation [British, mean BW 375 kg (SD 38 kg); 379 42 340 32 kg)] sorted into 7 blocks, block consisting 2 pens (10 per pen) type. Pens within a x subclass randomly assigned to RAC treatments (0 or 200 mg steer(-1) d(-1)...

Observations were collected for the purpose of comparing exit velocity measurements in form score (ES; walk, trot, canter, or run) and flight speed (FS) as assessments cattle temperament. Squeeze chute was obtained 1,181 crossbred yearling steers using ES FS temperament systems. Flight used infrared sensors to determine time taken an animal traverse a fixed distance 1.83 m after exiting squeeze chute. Exit (1=walk, 2=trot, 3=canter, 4=run) assigned by 2 different observers when each steer...

High solubility of certain trace minerals (TM) in the rumen can alter nutrient digestibility and fermentation. The objectives present studies were to determine effects TM source on 1) ruminal fermentation, 2) concentrations soluble Cu, Zn, Mn following a pulse dose TM, 3) binding strength digesta using dialysis against chelating agent steers fed diet formulated meet requirements high producing dairy cow. Twelve Angus fitted with cannulae adapted balanced similar for lactating cow 21 d....

We conducted two experiments using marginally Zn-deficient (−Zn) calves to determine which supplemental chemical form of Zn would most rapidly reverse certain deficiency signs and whether a change in protein turnover had occurred deficiency. In Exp. 1, 40 crossbred beef heifers were allocated by BW four groups. The control group received 23 mg Zn/kg diet DM from ZnSO4 supplemented the −Zn (17 DM). three other groups diet. After 21 d, based on decreased (P < .05) feed efficiency, they deemed...

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of ractopamine (RAC) and steroidal implant treatments on performance, carcass traits, blood metabolites, lipogenic enzyme activity in feedlot cattle. In Exp. 1, yearling steers (n = 486; initial BW 305 kg) used a 3 × factorial arrangement RAC doses 0 (R0), 100 (R100), or 200 (R200) mg·steer(-1)·d(-1) fed for 28 d regimens (implant-reimplant) no implant-no reimplant (NI-NI), 120 mg trenbolone acetate (TBA) 24 estradiol-17β (E17B)-no (RS-NI),...

Two hundred forty Angus crossbred steers were used to determine the influence of feeding various quantities wet and dry distillers grains finishing on carcass characteristics, meat quality, retail-case life ground beef, fatty acid profile LM. Three replications 5 dietary treatments randomly applied 15 pens in each 2 yr. A diet containing dry-rolled corn, soybean meal, alfalfa hay was fed as control diet. Wet with solubles (DGS) or DGS added diets at either 20.0 40.0% DM replace all meal part...

Journal Article Trace mineral source influences ruminal distribution of copper and zinc their binding strength to digesta,, Get access Emmanuel Caldera, Caldera Department Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Brittney Weigel, Weigel Vicky N Kucharczyk, Kucharczyk Karen S Sellins, Sellins Shawn L Archibeque, Archibeque John J Wagner, Wagner Hyungchul Han, Han Jerry W Spears, Spears North...

Abstract Shade is a mechanism to reduce heat load providing cattle with an environment supportive of their welfare needs. Although stress has been extensively reviewed, researched, and addressed in dairy production systems, it not investigated the same manner beef supply chain. Like all animals, are susceptible if they unable dissipate during times elevated ambient temperatures. There many factors that impact susceptibility throughout different chain sectors, which relate system, is,...

Early postmortem mitochondrial function and apoptotic activation affect meat quality development. Nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation to pigs prior harvest can improve pork color stability, but its mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed evaluate the impact of NR on early functionality apoptosis. Sixteen (N = 16) were individually fed a control or NR-supplemented diet (30 mg·kg body weight-1·d-1) for 10 days harvest. Longissimus dorsi muscle samples collected at 45 min 24 h...

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of Cu and soybean oil (SBO) supplementation on ruminal tissue lipid metabolism carcass characteristics in finishing steers. Sixty Angus steers (369.0 ± 10.1 kg) were stratified by weight randomly assigned treatments a 2 × factorial arrangement, with factors being 0 or 20 mg supplemental Cu/kg DM from sulfate 4% SBO. Steers fed high-concentrate basal diet that contained 5.3 DM. Average daily gain feed intake reduced (P < 0.01) SBO but not...

Forty-eight Angus and Hereford × steers were used to determine the effects of copper (Cu) on lipid catecholamine metabolism. Steers stratified by weight within breed randomly assigned treatments. Treatments consisted 0 (control, no supplemental Cu), 10, or 40 mg Cu (from Cu2(OH)3Cl)/kg DM. fed a corn silage-soybean meal-based growing diet for 42 d. Animals then switched high-concentrate finishing remained same dietary On d 70, indwelling jugular catheters nonsurgically inserted into five per...