Abstract Background In recent years, cognitive training has gained popularity as a cost-effective and accessible intervention aiming at compensating for or even counteracting age-related declines during adulthood. Whereas the evidence effectiveness of in general is inconsistent, processing speed been notable successful exception, showing promising generalized benefits untrained tasks everyday functioning. The goal this study to investigate why when can lead transfer across adult lifespan....

Objective: Seeing a face in motion can improve recognition the general population, and studies of matching indicate that people with difficulties (developmental prosopagnosia; DP) may be able to use movement cues as supplementary strategy help them process faces.However, facial DP has not been examined context familiar recognition.This study whether were better at recognising famous faces presented motion, compared static.Methods: Nine participants 14 age--matched controls completed...

Previous work indicates that intranasal inhalation of oxytocin improves face recognition skills, raising the possibility it may be used in security settings. However, is unclear whether directly acts upon core face-processing system itself or indirectly via affective social salience mechanisms. In a double-blind procedure, 60 participants received either an placebo nasal spray before completing One-in-Ten task—a standardized test unfamiliar containing target-present and target-absent...

Despite growing interest in cognitive interventions from academia and industry, it remains unclear if working memory (WM) training, one of the most popular interventions, produces transfer effects. Transfer effects are training-induced gains performance untrained tasks, while practice improvements trained task. The goal this study was to evaluate potential by comprehensive testing neuroimaging. In prospective, randomized-controlled, single-blind study, we administered an 8-week n-back...

There has been surprisingly little examination of how recall performance is affected by processing demands induced retrieval cues, manipulations at encoding interact with during maintenance or due to the cue, and these are aging. Here, we investigate relationships examining fidelity working memory across two delayed reproduction tasks a continuous measure report adult lifespan. Participants were asked remember subsequently reproduce from identity location probed item display. In Experiment...

When detecting changes in visual features (e.g., colour or shape), object locations, represented as points within a configuration, might also be automatically working memory. If the configuration of scene is automatically, locations individual items form part this representation, irrespective their relevance to task. Participants took change-detection task which they studied displays containing different sets (shapes, letters, objects), varied relevance. Specifically, were asked remember two...

When representing visual features such as color and shape in working memory (VWM), participants also represent the locations of those a spatial configuration display. In everyday life, we encounter objects against some background, yet it is unclear whether configural representation obligatorily constitutes entire display, including that (often task-irrelevant) background information. three experiments, completed change detection task on shape; memoranda were presented front uniform gray...

Little is known about how memory resources are allocated in natural vision across sequential eye movements and fixations, as people actively extract information from the visual environment.Here, we used gaze-contingent tracking to examine such dynamically reallocated old new entering working memory.As participants looked sequentially at items, interrupted process different times by extinguishing display a saccade was initiated.After brief interval, were probed on one of items that had been...

Detecting a change in our visual world requires process that compares the external environment (test display) with contents of memory (study display). We addressed question whether people strategically adapt comparison response to different decision loads. Study displays 3 colored items were presented, followed by 'whole-display' probes containing shapes. Participants asked decide any probed contained new feature. In Experiments 1-4, irrelevant changes item's locations or feature bindings...

A central feature of working memory is its limited capacity in terms the amount information that can be simultaneously maintained. Despite this, many studies observe an increase total when more items are maintained (set size), as measured by Shannon information. We propose composite code model which maintains this fixed assumption but demonstrates increasing observed across set sizes. This relies on hierarchical organisation visual system, higher-order abstracted about simple study displays....

Abstract The differential impact on working memory (WM) performance of distractors presented either at encoding or during maintenance was investigated in Alzheimer’s (AD), Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and healthy ageing. Across three studies, 28 AD PD patients, elderly (EHC) young controls (YHC) were enrolled. All participants performed a delayed reproduction task, where they reported the orientation an arrow from study set two items, with distractor present maintenance. Mean absolute error (the...

Recent working memory (WM) investigations have explored the role of spatial location in surface-feature binding (e.g., between colour & shape), drawing parallels with perception literature (Treisman Gelade, 1980). These studies suggest surface-features are bound obligatory reference to location, at least early phases Zhang, 2006). Our study capitalized on this observation and examined retrieval (colour shape) as a function proximity memorized coloured-shape ‘objects’. single-probe change...

A central feature of working memory is its limited capacity in terms the amount information that can be simultaneously maintained. Despite this, many studies observe an increase total when more items are maintained (set size), as measured by Shannon information. We propose composite code model which maintains this fixed assumption but demonstrates increasing observed across set sizes. This relies on hierarchical organisation visual system, higher-order abstracted about simple study displays....