Principal-protected securities are the most popular form of structured hedge fund products, and constitute largest segment market. Financial institutions provide guarantees for repayment principal amount protected at maturity. To date, practitioners have used, by large, constant proportion portfolio insurance (CPPI) methodology to structure these securities, although some used Black-Scholes option (Option) pricing as well. However, few, if any, collateralized debt obligation (CDO) in...

The distribution of DNA synthesising cells in the crypts epithelium human small and large bowel after injection bromodeoxyuridine into patients has been studied relation to position crypt using immunohistochemistry. Different sites normal have studied. ileum a shorter very significantly smaller total cell population size. However, it similar peak labelling index (LI) values colon, while rectum lower LI value. mean label occurs at 17th about 22nd both colon rectum. overall is higher 17.8%,...

Summary In an attempt to understand the processes mediating ion transport within root, patch clamp technique was applied protoplasts isolated from cortex and stele of maize roots their plasma membrane conductances investigated. whole‐cell configuration, hyperpolarization induced a slowly activating inwardly rectifying conductance in most root cortex. contrast, contained outwardly upon depolarization. The reversal potential inward current indicated that it primarily due movement K + ;...

Abstract The aims of this study in 227 premenopausal women were (a) to determine the mitotic index (MI), thymidine labelling (LI), and apoptotic (AI) within epithelial cells histologically ‘normal’ human breast biopsy material removed away from site either a fibroadenoma or carcinoma; (b) relate differences kinetic indices epithelium pathology same diagnosed as alone (125 patients), with accompanying mild fibrocystic change (79 carcinoma (23 patients). Ratios average (AI/MI, AI/LI, MI/LI)...

<h3>Objective</h3> To identify the white matter correlates of apathy and impulsivity in major syndromes associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration, using diffusion-weighted imaging data from PiPPIN (Pick9s Disease Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: Prevalence Incidence) study. We included behavioral language variants dementia, corticobasal syndrome, progressive supranuclear palsy. <h3>Methods</h3> Seventy patients 30 controls underwent diffusion tensor at 3-tesla after detailed...

Each year, millions of African children receive praziquantel (PZQ) by mass drug administration (MDA) to treat schistosomiasis at a standard single dose 40 mg/kg body weight, direct extrapolation from studies adults. A higher 60 is also acceptable for refractory cases. We conducted the first PZQ pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) study in young comparing dosing. Sixty Ugandan aged 3 8 years old with egg patent Schistosoma mansoni received either or mg/kg. PK parameters racemate...

Cholangiocytes line the intrahepatic bile ducts and regulate salt water secretion during formation, but mechanism(s) regulating ductal movement remains obscure. A water-selective channel, aquaporin CHIP, was recently described in several epithelia, so we tested hypothesis that osmotic by cholangiocytes is mediated CHIP. Isolated rodent showed a rapid increase volume presence of hypotonic extracellular buffers; ratio to diffusional permeability coefficients > 10. The osmotically induced...

The mechanisms mediating Na(+) transpdrt in higher plant roots were investigated by applying the patch clamp technique to protoplasts isolated from cortex and stele of maize roots. In cortex, permeation Na+ through a time-dependent K(+)-selective inward rectifier was negligible. Instead, influx into probably occurs via an instantaneously-activating current. This current partially inhibited extracellular Ca(2+), but insensitive TEA(+), Cs(+) TTX. outside-out patches, plasma membrane ion...

This study aimed to investigate the core cognitive deficits in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).The recruited 49 NF1 (25 males, 24 females; mean age 11y 9mo [SD 3y 2mo]), 19 healthy siblings of (sibling comparisons; 12y 7mo 2y 7mo], 9 10 females) and 29 from community (community 12 17 females). Participants completed a battery tests including intelligence, academic achievement, attention, visuoperceptual functioning, visual learning, executive non-verbal working memory tests.Our...

The study set out to acquire validation data for Arabic versions of the Digits-in-Noise (DIN) test, measured using browser-based software suitable home hearing screening. DIN and pure-tone audiometric (PTA) thresholds were obtained from a sample 155 Arabic-speaking participants, varying widely in age degree type loss. both diotic antiphasic stimuli, with goal determining whether testing provides superior prediction poorer-ear A comprehensive protocol was publicly pre-registered via Open...

The transport and accumulation of K+ in higher plant roots is regulated by ABA. Molecular electrophysiological techniques have identified a number discrete transporters which are involved the translocation from soil solution to shoots plants. Furthermore, recent reports shown that ABA regulates channel activity maize Arabidopsis suggests regulation is, at least part, ion channel‐mediated. signalling processes underlie channels been investigated. effects on membrane potential intact root...

Abstract Root cortical and stelar protoplasts were isolated from maize (Zea mays L.) plants that either well watered or water stressed, the patch-clamp technique was used to investigate their plasma membrane K+ channel activity. In root cortex stress did not significantly affect inward- outward-rectifying conductances relative those observed in well-watered plants. contrast, reduced magnitude of current stele but had little effect on inward-rectifying current. Pretreating with abscisic acid...

Cch1p and Mid1p are components of a high‐affinity Ca 2+ ‐permeable channel in the yeast plasma membrane. Here, we show that growth mutants Cch1pMid1p is markedly hypersensitive to low temperature high iron concentration medium. Both phenotypes were suppressed by concentration. Iron stress elicited an increased influx into both wild type cch1 Δ mid1 yeast. Inhibition calcineurin strongly depressed iron‐stressed yeast, indicating downstream element response. hypersensitivity mutant was not...

Achieving high human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine coverage may reduce inequalities in cervical cancer prevention by mitigating the seen screening programme. This paper assesses whether same sociodemographic factors are associated with both and HPV vaccination.Girls' vaccination records were linked address to for their mothers North West of England. Index Multiple Deprivation scores (2010) census ethnicity data (2001) used investigate association between deprivation ethnic composition area...

Aim This study describes the prevalence and severity of perceived fatigue in a young neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) population. Methods Ethical approval was obtained NF1 affected Individuals aged 2–18 years from Manchester's clinic invited along with any unaffected siblings. The PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale Parental child report used. validated measure explores cognitive, physical sleep/rest domains on 0–100 scale. Higher scores indicate less fatigue. children were compared to...

Abstract Organic-acid secretion from higher plant roots into the rhizosphere plays an important role in nutrient acquisition and metal detoxification. In this study we report electrophysiological characterization of anion channels Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root epidermal cells show that represent a pathway for citrate efflux to soil solution. Plants were grown nutrient-replete conditions patch clamp technique was applied protoplasts isolated elongation zone young hairs. Using SO42−...

While intrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells secrete through transport of ions and water, the physiological mechanisms regulating ductular secretion are obscure, in part because lack suitable experimental models. We report here successful micropuncture lumen isolated ducts direct measurements ion secretion. Intact, polarized units (BDUs) were from livers normal rats by enzymatic digestion microdissection. BDUs cultured mounted on a microscope bicarbonate-containing buffer, lumens...

A depolarization-activated outwardly-rectifying channel (OR), most likely involved in the passive release of K+ from root symplasm into stelar apoplast (for subsequent transport to shoot via xylem vessels), has been characterized plasma membrane maize cells (Roberts and Tester, 1995). In present study, selectivity this was further using single current-voltage curves generated a voltage ramp protocol. This protocol permitted accurate unambiguous measurement reversal potentials currents...

ABSTRACT Eggs of the marine brown alga, Fucus serratus, exhibit small transient elevations cytosolic Ca2+ variable magnitude, corresponding to onset fertilization potential. Microinjection buffers (BAPTA (1-2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid)) at concentrations sufficient block any global fertilization-associated Ca2+cyt elevation did not inhibit egg activation (monitored as exocytosis cell wall) or subsequent development. However, could be inhibited with higher buffer...