The existence of neutral species carries profound ecological implications that warrant further investigation. In this paper, we study the impact on biodiversity in a spatial tritrophic system cyclic competition, which are identified as fourth may affect competition process other three under rock-paper-scissors (RPS) rule. Extensive simulations showed can promote coexistence high mobility regime within system. When occurs, found state be maintained by two mechanisms: Species either (i) adhere...

Complex networks are widespread in real-world environments across diverse domains. Real-world tend to form spontaneously through interactions between individual agents. Inspired by this, we design an evolutionary game model which agents participate a prisoner’s dilemma (PDG) with their neighboring Agents can autonomously modify connections neighbors using reinforcement learning avoid unfavorable environments. Interestingly, our findings reveal some remarkable results. Exploiting...

Understanding how cooperation evolves in multi-subpopulation is crucial for addressing social challenges. While previous studies show that payoff-neutral subpopulations structured populations can enhance cooperation, the role of broader inter-subpopulation relationships remains unclear. We extend this framework to include generalized relationships—competition, mutualism, and parasitism—modeled by payoffs α β. Within subpopulations, individuals play prisoner’s dilemma, while interactions...

Feedback loops between strategies and the environment are commonly observed in socio-ecological, evolution-ecological, psychology-economic systems. However, impact of mutations these feedback processes is often overlooked. This study proposes a novel model that integrates public goods game with environmental feedback, considering presence mutations. In our model, enhancement factor combines positive negative incentives from environment. By employing replicator–mutator (RM) equations, we...

Investment in resources is essential for facilitating information dissemination real-world contexts, and comprehending the influence of resource allocation on is, thus, crucial efficacy collaborative networks. Nonetheless, current studies frequently fail to clarify complex interplay between distribution network contexts. In this work, we establish a resource-based model identify by examining propagation threshold equilibriums. We assess model’s juxtaposing mean-field method with Monte Carlo...

The main goal of this paper is to study how a decision-making rule for vaccination can affect epidemic spreading by exploiting the Bush–Mosteller (BM) model, one methodologies in reinforcement learning artificial intelligence (AI), which realize systematic process humans, on complex networks. We consider BM model with two stages—vaccination and epidemiological processes—and address independent rules about fixed loss consideration average payoff neighbors update agent’s behavior various...

Cooperation is promoted in the structured population when individual has exit option and it found that aspiration driven updating rules can also promote cooperation to a certain extent. The right gives individuals opportunity get rid of exploitation, self-evaluation individuals. Stimulated by these, we study effect on spatial prisoner dilemma game. In game, level payoff interactive determine individual's state. When gets more than interacting with other players, will continue participate...

Abstract Recognizing territories is essential to decide behavior of population either human or animals, and interaction between groups individuals according the territorial awareness universal. Understanding various mechanisms which affect on such species behaviors can be possible by evolutionary games, in particular, rock–paper–scissors (RPS) game has been played a key role as paradigmatic model explore biodiversity from microbiota societies. Among paramount systems RPS, intraspecific...

We investigate evolving dynamics of cyclically competing species on spatially extended systems with considering a specific region, which is called the “wildlife refuge,” one institutional ways to preserve biodiversity. Through Monte-Carlo simulations, we found that refuge can play not groundbreaking but an important role in survival. Species coexistence maintained at moderate mobility regime, traditionally leads collapse coexistence, and eventually, extinction postponed depending competition...

Recognizing surrounding situations, such as enemy attacks, which can be realized by predator-prey relationships, is one of the common behaviors population in ecosystems. In this paper, we explore relationship between species' behavior and biodiversity spatial rock-paper-scissors game employing ecological concept "vigilance." order to describe vigilance process, adopt a multiplex structure where two distinct layers virtual physical interactions. By investigating process evolution species,...

COVID-19 has brought a great challenge to the medical system. A key scientific question is how make balance between home quarantine and staying in hospital. To this end, we propose game-based susceptible-exposed-asymptomatic -symptomatic- hospitalized-recovery-dead model reveal such situation. In new framework, time-varying cure rate mortality are employed parameter m introduced regulate probability that individuals willing go Through extensive simulations, find (1) for low transmission...

An automatic rice-filling device for lotus root with glutinous rice was developed based on the process of artificial filling. In order to find best parameters vibrating device—feeding speed, filling height, funnel diameter, amplitude, and frequency—so as reduce time improve mass filling, EDEM software (EDEM 2022) used conduct numerical simulation analyze influence various factors time. The optimal combination highest quality determined follows: feeding 1.4 kg/s; height 30 mm; 55 0.6...