In recent years, unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) have been used to search for lost or stolen radioactive sources avoid radiation exposure operators. To achieve autonomous localization of sources, the UGVs must ability automatically determine next measurement location instead following a predefined path. Also, field has be reconstructed inverted utilizing discrete measurements obtain intensity distribution in area interest. this study, we propose an effective source framework and method,...

The effects of irradiation 1.0 MeV electrons on the n–p GaAs middle cell GaInP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cells are investigated by temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurements in 10–300 K temperature range. appearance thermal quenching PL intensity with increasing confirms presence a nonradiative recombination center after electron irradiation, and activation energy is determined using Arrhenius plot intensity. Furthermore, comparing ionization energies defects, acting as...

Photoluminescence (PL) measurements are carried out to investigate the degradation of GaInP top cell and GaAs middle for GaInP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cells irradiated with 1.0, 1.8 11.5MeV electrons fluences ranging up 3 × 1015, 1 1015 1014 cm−2, respectively. The rates PL intensity increase electron fluence energy. Furthermore, damage coefficient minority carrier diffusion length is estimated by radiative efficiency. increases relation energy discussed non-ionizing loss (NIEL), which...

The radiation damage of three individual subcells for GaInP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cells irradiated with electrons and protons is investigated using photoluminescence (PL) measurements. PL spectra each subcell are obtained different excitation lasers. intensity has a fast degradation after irradiation, decreases as the displacement dose increases. Furthermore, normalized varying analyzed in detail, then lifetime coefficients recombination centers GaInP top-cell, GaAs mid-cell Ge...

Electroluminescence (EL) measurements were carried out to investigate the irradiation effects of 1.0 MeV electrons on current density-voltage (J-V) characteristics GaInP top cell and GaAs middle GaInP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cells at injection densities ranging from 2.5 mA/cm2 30 mA/cm2. By utilizing optoelectronic reciprocity relation between EL external quantum efficiency, dark J-V two subcells, as well short circuit density open voltage, derived. It is shown that voltage both...

In this paper, the water level control problem of U-Tube Steam Generators (UTSG) Nuclear Power Plants is investigated. A design approach for piecewise discrete gain-scheduled PD controllers presented subject to power adjustments via linear parameter-varying framework, in terms matrix inequalities. The desired can guarantee asymptotic stability and H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> performance resulting closed-loop systems...

The radiation damage induced by energetic particles on GaInP sub-cell in GaInP/GaAs/Ge triple junction solar cell (TJSC) has a significant impact its performance. Thus, this paper, we measured the photoluminescence (PL) spectra for TJSC irradiated 11.5 MeV electron at temperature range 10 –300 K. By analyzing variation of PL intensity with temperature, thermal activation energy nonradiative recombination center was determined as 8.43 meV, and minority carrier capture cross-section is about...

Temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra of the germanium bottom cell triple-junction solar cells unirradiated and irradiated with 1 MeV electrons were measured in 10–300 K temperature range. In cell, show that PL intensity increases but slightly decreases at around 250 because intrinsic defect. However, there are two negative thermal quenching processes (10–90 200–270 K) usual (90–200 270–300 as a result radiation-induced defects Ec − 0.37 eV 0.12 eV.

Availability of grid resources is dynamic, which raises the need to develop robust and effective applications against changing circumstances. The paper proposes a load balancing pattern centralized control task scheduler discussed. Based on improving fault tolerant service request chain processing, enhances ORBUS1.1 software with service. Simulation results show that implementation able obtain high system performance central-control scheduling MAXPERFORMpolicy.

In the operation of nuclear steam generator, reverse thermal-dynamic effects make generator water level process dynamics characteristic difficult to control. order improve control effect, a guaranteed cost controller method based on T-S model for is proposed and investigated in this paper. The guarantees both stability prescribed performance entire operating region terms linear matrix inequalities. computer simulation shows that can efficiently achieve anticipative effects. It also...