In vertebrate somitogenesis, the expression of segmentation clock genes oscillates and oscillation is synchronized over nearby cells. Both experimental theoretical studies have shown that synchronization among cells realized by intercellular interaction via Delta-Notch signaling. However, following questions emerge: (i) During dynamic rearrangement relative cell positions observed in posterior presomitic mesoderm. Can a state be stably sustained under random movement? (ii) Experimental...

We study the transient synchronization dynamics of locally coupled phase oscillators moving on a one-dimensional lattice. Analysis spatial correlation shows that mobility speeds up relaxation modes and leads to faster synchronization. show when becomes sufficiently high, it does not allow form population behaves like mean-field system. Estimating timescale longest mode comparing with systems long-range coupling, we reveal how effectively extends interaction range.

Abstract The metameric pattern of somites is created based on oscillatory expression clock genes in presomitic mesoderm. However, the mechanism for converting dynamic oscillation to a static still unclear. Here, we provide evidence that Ripply/Tbx6 machinery key regulator this conversion. Ripply1/Ripply2-mediated removal Tbx6 protein defines somite boundary and also leads cessation gene zebrafish embryos. On other hand, activation ripply1/ripply2 mRNA periodically regulated by conjunction...

Gear skiving is a technique proposed long time ago for cutting internal gears at high productivity. Until recently, many problems have prevented its widespread use. With current technological breakthroughs, however, drawing attention again. The present paper describes tool parameters, which could be vital the optimum design of cutters. Cutting parameters include depth cut, rake angle, and clearance angle each point on edge. They continuously change with progress in process. are defined basis...

Integrity of rhythmic spatial gene expression patterns in the vertebrate segmentation clock requires local synchronization between neighboring cells by Delta-Notch signaling and its inhibition causes defective segment boundaries. Whether deformation oscillating tissue complements during patterning formation is not understood. We combine theory experiment to investigate this question zebrafish clock. remove a Notch inhibitor, allowing resynchronization, analyze embryonic recovery. observe...

Synchronization of mobile oscillators occurs in numerous contexts, including physical, chemical, biological, and engineered systems. In vertebrate embryonic development, a segmental body structure is generated by population oscillators. Cells this produce autonomous gene expression rhythms interact with their neighbors through local signaling. These cells form an extended tissue where frequency cell mobility gradients coexist. Gene kinematic waves travel pattern the segment boundaries. It...

Many questions in developmental biology depend on measuring the position and movement of individual cells within developing embryos. Yet, tools that provide this data are often challenged by high cell density their accuracy is difficult to measure. Here, we present a three-step procedure address problem. Step one novel segmentation algorithm based image derivatives that, combination with selective post-processing, reliably automatically segments nuclei from images densely packed tissue. two...

Cell movement and intercellular signaling occur simultaneously during the development of tissues, but little is known about how affects signaling. Previous theoretical studies have shown that faster moving cells favor synchronization across a population locally coupled genetic oscillators. An important assumption in these can immediately interact with their new neighbors after arriving at location. However, interactions cellular systems may need some time to become fully established. How...

In development and disease, cells move as they exchange signals. One example is found in vertebrate development, where the timing of segment formation set by a “segmentation clock” which oscillating gene expression synchronized across population Delta-Notch signaling. signaling requires local cell-cell contact, but zebrafish embryonic tailbud rapidly, exchanging neighbors. Previous theoretical studies proposed that this relative movement or cell mixing might alter thereby enhance...

Individual biological oscillators can synchronize to generate a collective rhythm. During vertebrate development, mobile cells exchange signals rhythmic pattern generator that makes the embryonic segments. Previous theoretical works have shown cell mobility enhance synchronization of coupled when signal is instantaneous. However, in segmentation, thought comprise delays from sending and processing, which could alter effect on synchronization. Here, we study dynamics phase presence coupling...

We study the dynamics of mobile, locally coupled identical oscillators in presence coupling delays. find different kinds chimera states, which coherent in-phase and anti-phase domains coexist with incoherent domains. These states are dynamic can persist for long times intermediate mobility values. discuss mechanisms leading to formation these regimes. This finding could be relevant natural technological systems composed mobile communicating agents.

Negative feedback loops (NFLs) for circadian clocks include light-responsive reactions that allow the to shift their phase depending on timing of light signals. Phase response curves (PRCs) signals in various organisms a time interval called dead zone where cause no during daytime. Although importance robust entrainment is known, how arises from biochemical an NFL underlying gene expression rhythms remains unclear. In addition, observation vary between raises question as whether mechanism...

Antisense transcripts are a unique group of non-coding RNAs that transcribed from the opposite strand sense coding gene in an antisense orientation. Even though they do not encode protein, these play regulatory role variety biological processes, including circadian rhythms. We and others found transcript,

Notch signaling is a ubiquitous and versatile intercellular system that drives collective behaviors pattern formation in biological tissues. During embryonic development, involved generation of biochemical oscillations form the vertebrate body segments, its failure results defects. ligands Delta family are key components this rhythm, but it unclear how different with distinct properties contribute to relaying information among cells. Motivated by zebrafish segmentation clock, work we propose...