Strigolactones (SLs) or their derivatives have recently been defined as novel phytohormones that regulate root development. However, it remains unclear whether SLs mediate growth in response to phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) deficiency. In this study, the responses of development rice (Oryza sativa L.) different levels phosphate nitrate supply were investigated using wild type (WT) mutants defective SL synthesis (d10 d27) insensitive (d3). Reduced concentration either led increased seminal...

Summary Crop architecture parameters such as tiller number, angle and plant height are important agronomic traits that have been considered for breeding programmes. Auxin distribution within the has long recognized to alter architecture. The rice ( Oryza sativa L.) genome contains 12 putative PIN genes encoding auxin efflux transporters, including four PIN1 one PIN2 genes. Here, we report over‐expression of OsPIN2 through a transgenic approach in Japonica cv. Nipponbare ) led shorter height,...

Plants can enhance freezing tolerance by gradual exposure to low temperature known as cold acclimation. Soluble sugars have been confirmed play an important role during the process. This is based on fact they are most commonly detected in various species of terrestrial plants that undergone seasonal exert their positive effects protect plant cells from damage caused stress through many ways including serving osmoprotectants, nutrients well interacting with lipid bilayer. In addition these...

Abstract Background Downy mildew (DM), caused by pathogen Plasmopara viticola (PV) is the single most damaging disease of grapes ( Vitis L.) worldwide. However, mechanisms development in are poorly understood. A method for estimating gene expression levels using Solexa sequencing Type I restriction-endonuclease-generated cDNA fragments was used deep transcriptomes resulting from PV infected leaves amurensis Rupr. cv. Zuoshan-1. Our goal to identify genes that involved resistance grape DM...

Increasing evidence shows that partial nitrate nutrition (PNN) can be attributed to improved plant growth and nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) in rice. Nitric oxide (NO) is a signalling molecule involved many physiological processes during development nitrogen (N) assimilation. It remains unclear whether molecular NO improves NUE through PNN. Two rice cultivars (cvs Nanguang Elio), with high low NUE, respectively, were used the analysis of production, reductase (NR) activity, lateral root (LR)...

Abstract The response of the root system architecture to nutrient deficiencies is critical for sustainable agriculture. Nitric oxide (NO) considered a key regulator growth, although mechanisms remain unknown. Phenotypic, cellular and genetic analyses were undertaken in rice explore role NO regulating growth strigolactone (SL) signalling under nitrogen‐deficient phosphate‐deficient conditions (LN LP). LN‐induced LP‐induced seminal elongation paralleled production tips. played an important...

Strigolactones (SLs) and their derivatives are plant hormones that have recently been identified as regulating root development. This study examines whether SLs play a role in mediating production of adventious roots (ARs) rice (Oryza sativa), also investigates possible interactions between auxin.Wild-type (WT), SL-deficient (d10) SL-insensitive (d3) mutants were used to investigate AR development an auxin-distribution experiment considered DR5::GUS activity, [(3)H] indole-3-acetic acid...

Objective Dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial tight junction (TJ) barrier is known to have an important etiologic role in pathophysiology heat stroke. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA), play a maintaining protecting TJ structure function. This study aimed at investigating whether n-3 PUFAs could alleviate stress-induced dysfunction junction. Methods Human Caco-2 cells were pre-incubated with EPA, DHA or arachidonic...

Root nitrate uptake adjusts to the plant's nitrogen demand for growth. Here, we report that OsMADS57, a MADS-box transcription factor, modulates translocation from rice (Oryza sativa) roots shoots under low-nitrate conditions. OsMADS57 is abundantly expressed in xylem parenchyma cells of root stele and induced by nitrate. Compared with wild-type plants supplied 0.2 mM nitrate, osmads57 mutants had 31% less loading while overexpression lines 2-fold higher levels. Shoot-root 15N content ratios...

The response of plant root development to nutrient deficiencies is critical for crop production. Auxin, nitric oxide (NO), and strigolactones (SLs) are important regulators growth under low-nitrogen -phosphate (LN LP) conditions. Polar auxin transport in plants, which mainly dependent on efflux protein PINs, creates local maxima form the basis initiation elongation; however, PIN genes that play an role LN- LP-modulated remain unclear. qRT-PCR analysis OsPIN family showed expression OsPIN1b...

Summary The degree of rice tillering is an important agronomic trait that can be markedly affected by nitrogen supply. However, less known about how nitrogen‐regulated related to polar auxin transport. Compared with nitrate, ammonium induced tiller development and was paralleled increased 3 H‐indole‐acetic acid (IAA) transport greater into the junctions. OsPIN9 , efflux carrier, selected as candidate gene involved in ammonium‐regulated based on GeneChip data. wild‐type plants, ospin9 mutants...

SUMMARY Nitrogen (N) is an essential major nutrient for food crops. Although ammonium (NH 4 + ) the primary N source of rice ( Oryza sativa ), nitrate (NO 3 − can also be absorbed and utilized. Rice responds to NO application by altering its root morphology, such as elongation. Strigolactones (SLs) are important modulators length. However, roles SLs their downstream genes in ‐induced elongation remain unclear. Here, levels total SL (4‐deoxyorobanchol) responses seminal (SR) lengths NH were...

Current aerial plant protection with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) usually applies full coverage route planning, which is challenging for operations in the orchards South China. Because fruit planting has characteristics of dispersal and irregularity, full-coverage spraying causes re-application as well missed application, resulting environmental pollution. Therefore, it great significance to plan an efficient, low-consumption accurate considering flight UAVs orchard characteristics.This...

A key function of SUMOylation is the coordinated modification numerous proteins to optimize plant growth and resistance environmental stress. Plant cuticular wax deposited on surface primary organs form a barrier that provides protection against changes in terrestrial environments. Many recent studies have examined biosynthetic pathways regulation. However, whether involved regulation cuticle deposition at posttranslational level remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate small ubiquitin-like...

Abstract Cereal endosperm represents the most important source of world’s food. Nevertheless, molecular mechanisms behind sugar import into rice (Oryza sativa) and their relationship with auxin signaling are poorly understood. Here, we report that transport inhibitor response 1 (TIR1) plays an essential role in grain yield quality via modulating endosperm. The fluctuations OsTIR1 transcripts parallel to early stage expansion among those 5 TIR1/AFB (auxin-signaling F-box) co-receptor...

The RxLR effector family, produced by oomycete pathogens, may manipulate host physiological and biochemical events inside cells. A group of putative effectors from Plasmopara viticola have been recently identified RNA-Seq analysis in our lab. However, their roles pathogenesis are poorly understood. In this study, we attempted to characterize 23 PvRxLR candidates a P. isolate 'ZJ-1-1'. During infection stages, expression patterns the genes were varied could be categorized into four different...

Summary Modern agriculture needs large quantities of phosphate (Pi) fertilisers to obtain high yields. Information on how plants sense and adapt Pi is required enhance phosphorus‐use efficiency (PUE) thereby promote agricultural sustainability. Here, we show that strigolactones (SLs) regulate rice root developmental metabolic adaptations low Pi, by promoting efficient uptake translocation from roots shoots. Low stress triggers the synthesis SLs, which dissociate central signalling module SPX...