A5075969741- earthquake and tectonic studies
- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Landslides and related hazards
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Earthquake Detection and Analysis
- Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques
- Geological and Geophysical Studies
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Seismology and Earthquake Studies
- Seismic Waves and Analysis
- Geological formations and processes
- Geological and Geophysical Studies Worldwide
- Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Geological and Tectonic Studies in Latin America
- Geological Modeling and Analysis
- Geological Studies and Exploration
- Drilling and Well Engineering
- Soil erosion and sediment transport
- Botany and Geology in Latin America and Caribbean
- Maritime and Coastal Archaeology
- Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques
University of Geneva
2017-2024
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
2014-2021
Roma Tre University
2009-2016
GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences
2008-2010
Volcano deformation may occur under different conditions. To understand how a volcano deforms, as well relations with magmatic activity, we studied Mt. Etna in detail using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data from 1994 to 2008. From 2000, the inflated linear behavior. The inflation was accompanied by eastward and westward slip on eastern western flanks, respectively. portions proximal summit showed higher rates, whereas distal several sectors bounded faults, some cases...
Abstract Extension deficit builds up over centuries at divergent plate boundaries and is recurrently removed during rifting events, accompanied by magma intrusions transient metre-scale deformation. However, information on near-field deformation has rarely been captured, hindering progress in understanding mechanisms evolution. Here we show new evidence of oblique rift opening a event influenced pre-existing fractures two extension accumulation. This originated from the Bárðarbunga caldera...
During continental rifting the interaction between faulting and magmatic intrusions is not well understood. Using InSAR seismicity, we show that a ∼0.06 km 3 dike was intruded along Dallol segment, Ethiopia accompanied by M w 5.5 earthquake associated fault slip western flank of rift. The intrusion fed previously unidentified magma chamber under Dallol. total seismic moment release ∼2.3 × 10 17 Nm, ∼10% geodetic moment. This higher proportion than during 2005–2009 Dabbahu episode, which...
Abstract The shallow transport of magma occurs through dikes causing surface deformation. Our understanding the effects diking at is limited, especially on long term, for repeated intrusive episodes. We use analogue models to study upper crustal deformation induced by dikes. insert metal plates within cohesive sand with three setups: in setup A, intrusion rises upward constant thickness and setups B C, thickens a fixed depth, final rectangular (setup B) or triangular C) shape section. Setup...
SUMMARY The present-day tectonics of the southern Red Sea region is complicated by presence overlapping Afar and rifts as well uncertain kinematics extent Danakil block in between. Here we combine up to 16 yr GPS observations show that coherent rotation described a Danakil-Nubia Euler pole at 16.36°N, 39.96°E with rate 2.83 deg Myr–1. kinematic modeling also indicates significantly smaller than previously suggested, extending only Hanish-Zukur Islands (∼13.8°N) area south islands being part...
The Afar Depression is a unique place on Earth where active rift processes can be directly observed. It believed to close continental breakup. hotspot has strong influence the geology of Depression. Despite geological interest in region, difficult field access slowed scientific discoveries. During last two decades, new projects and studies resulted better characterization region. New data global advances understanding call for an integrative holistic review tectonostratigraphic evolution...
The Reykjanes Peninsula (Iceland) has been experiencing an oblique rifting episode since 2019. Intense and repeated earthquake swarms (magnitude up to ML~5) ground shaking accompany the deformation of region. Magma accumulation in crustal reservoirs discharge dikes eruptive fissures actively participate tectonic crisis. crisis is accompanied by fault offsets slope instabilities, generating hazards that have not yet systematically investigated. Using photogrammetry, digital image correlation...
This paper presents a magnetotelluric (MT) survey of the unstable eastern flank Mt. Etna. We take thirty soundings along two profiles oriented in N‐S and NW‐SE directions, from these data recover 2D resistivity models subsurface. Both reveal three major layers resistive‐conductive‐resistive sequence, deepest extending to 14 km bsl. The shallow layer corresponds volcanic cover, intermediate conductive underlying sediments segmented by faults. These electrical units are cut ∼ E‐W‐striking...
Abstract Submarine eruptions that lead to the formation of new volcanic islands are rare and far from being fully understood; only a few such have been witnessed since Surtsey Island emerged south Iceland in 1960s. Here we report on two were formed Zubair archipelago southern Red Sea 2011–2013. Using high-resolution optical satellite images, find grew rapidly during their initial eruptive phases coastal erosion significantly modified shapes within months. Satellite radar data indicate...
Recent studies highlight the importance of annual-scale dike-induced rifting episodes in developing normal faults and graben along active axis magmatic divergent plate boundaries (MDPB). However, longer-term (102–105 years) role diking on cumulative surface deformation evolution MDPB is not yet well understood. To better understand MDPB, we analyze fissure swarms Iceland Ethiopia. We first focus simplest case immature swarms, with single dike-fed eruptive fissures; these consist a <1 km wide...
An energetic eruption started on 25 May 2015 from a circumferential fissure at the summit of Wolf volcano Isabela Island, western Galápagos. Further eruptive activity within caldera followed in mid-June 2015. As no geodetic observations earlier eruptions exist, this provides an opportunity to study volcano's magmatic plumbing system for first time. Here we use interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data both Sentinel-1A and ALOS-2 satellites map analyze surface deformation four...
Dike intrusions produce faulting at the surface along with seismic swarms and possible eruptions. Understanding geometry kinematics of dike-induced fractures can provide relevant information on what controls magma emplacement associated hazards. Here, we focus Harrat Lunayyir volcanic field (western Saudi Arabia), where in 2009 a dike intrusion formed NNW-SSE oriented, ten-kilometer-long up to one-meter deep graben. This widens from ~2 km SSE ~5 NNW, showing well-defined border normal fault...
On January 17 2002 a series of fractures opened on Nyiragongo’s (3470 m) upper southern flanks triggering drainage magma stored in the crater lava lake, conduit and edifice emission turbulent flows highly fluid pahoehoe lava. A remarkable network propagated rapidly downslope up to 16 km from more but hiefly aa emissions numerous dike-fed vents that reached outskirts city Goma (population 400 000), airport stopped within 4 Lake Kivu. small volume entered lake Kivu had no significant...
Volcanoes are often associated with vertical collapse, due to deeper magma withdrawal. Calderas the most notable type of on summit volcanoes. Caldera collapse has been observed and monitored only at Miyakejima (Japan; 2000), Dolomieu (Reunion; 2007) Fernandina (Galapagos; 1968), highlighting our limited knowledge its kinematic behavior. Here we use experimental models investigate evolution calderas collapses in general. We extract velocity strain fields using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)...
Flank instability at basaltic volcanoes is often related to repeated dike intrusions along rift zones and accompanied by surface fracturing seismicity. These processes have been mostly studied during specific events, the lack of longer‐term observations hinders their better understanding. Here we analyze ~20 years deformation Pernicana Fault System (PFS), key structure controlling eastern flank Mt. Etna. We exploit East‐West vertical components mean velocity, as well corresponding time...
The regional stress field in volcanic areas may be overprinted by that produced magmatic activity, promoting volcanism and faulting. In particular, strike-slip settings, the definition of relationships between activity remains elusive. To better understand these relationships, we collected stratigraphic, volcanic, structural data along central Aeolian arc (Italy): here islands Lipari Vulcano separate extensional portion (to east) from contractional one west). We >500 measurements faults,...
Flank instability is common at volcanoes, even though the subsurface structures, including depth to a detachment fault, remain poorly constrained. Here, we use multidisciplinary approach, applicable most evaluate of unstable NE flank Mt. Etna. InSAR observations Mount Etna during 1995–2008 show trapdoor subsidence upper flank, with maximum deformation against Rift. The tilt was highest in magnitude 2002–2004, contemporaneous rates eastward slip along east flank. We explain this as due...
We generated a 13‐year InSAR time series from 1995–2008 to investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics of two neighboring volcano's deformations for Lazufre volcanic area, central Andes. The data reveal scales uplift initiating during observation time: (1) large‐scale started in 1997 that shows an increase mean rate up 3.2 cm/yr, now affecting several eruptive centers situated area larger than 1800 km 2 and (2) small‐scale located at Lastarria volcano, which is only volcano show strong...
Abstract. Hazard mapping in poorly known volcanic areas is complex since much evidence of and non-volcanic hazards often hidden by vegetation alteration. In this paper, we propose a semi-quantitative method based on hazard event tree multi-hazard map constructions developed the frame FP7 MIAVITA project. We applied to Kanlaon volcano (Philippines), which characterized poor geologic historical records. combine updated geological (long-term) (short-term) data, building an for main types...
Volcanic rift zones, characterized by repeated dike emplacements, are expected to delimit the upper portion of unstable flanks at basaltic edifices. We use nearly two decades InSAR observations excluding wintertime acquisitions, analyze relationships between emplacement and flank instability Etna. The results highlight a general eastward shift volcano summit, including northeast south rifts. This steady‐state movement (1–2 cm/yr) is interrupted or even reversed during transient injections....