A5006175857- earthquake and tectonic studies
- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Landslides and related hazards
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Geological and Geophysical Studies
- Seismic Waves and Analysis
- Seismology and Earthquake Studies
- Earthquake Detection and Analysis
- GNSS positioning and interference
- Marine and environmental studies
- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques
- Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
- Geological and Tectonic Studies in Latin America
- Geological Modeling and Analysis
- Geological Formations and Processes Exploration
- Winter Sports Injuries and Performance
- Geological and Geophysical Studies Worldwide
- Geological formations and processes
- Geotechnical and Geomechanical Engineering
- Geological Studies and Exploration
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
University of Iceland
2017-2025
Icelandic Meteorological Office
2004-2021
European Center for Geodynamics and Seismology
2015-2017
Pennsylvania State University
2010-2016
Met Office
2011
Abstract After more than a year of unrest, small effusive eruption commenced in Fagradalsfjall, Iceland, on 19 March 2021. The lasted six months. first weeks were characterized by multiple fissure openings, and the remainder was dominated activity from single crater. During eruption, lava low-level gases propagated over complex terrain: hyaloclastite massif with mountain peaks up to about 350 m asl valleys between. area is uninhabited, but easily accessible at 30 km distance Reykjavík. While...
Many examples of exposed giant dike swarms can be found where lateral magma flow has exceeded hundreds kilometers. We show that massive into dikes established with only modest overpressure in a body if large enough pathway opens at its boundary and gradual buildup high tensile stress occurred along the prior to onset diking. This explains rapid initial rates, modeled up about 7400 cubic meters per second ~15-kilometers long, which propagated under town Grindavík, Southwest Iceland, November...
Iceland is one of the few places on Earth where a divergent plate boundary can be observed land. Direct observations crustal deformation for whole country are available first time from nationwide Global Positioning System (GPS) campaigns in 1993 and 2004. The spreading across island imaged by horizontal velocity field high uplift rates (≥ 10 mm yr−1) over large part central southeastern Iceland. Several earthquakes, volcanic intrusions eruptions occurred during spanned measurements, causing...
Abstract Increased rates of deformation and seismicity are well-established precursors to volcanic eruptions, their interpretation forms the basis for eruption warnings worldwide. Rates ground displacement number earthquakes escalate before many eruptions 1–3 , as magma forces its way towards surface. However, pre-eruptive patterns vary widely. Here we show how an beginning on 19 March 2021 at Fagradalsfjall, Iceland, was preceded by a period tectonic stress release ending with decline in...
Abstract Classical mechanisms of volcanic eruptions mostly involve pressure buildup and magma ascent towards the surface 1 . Such processes produce geophysical geochemical signals that may be detected interpreted as eruption precursors 1–3 On 22 May 2021, Mount Nyiragongo (Democratic Republic Congo), an open-vent volcano with a persistent lava lake perched within its summit crater, shook up this interpretation by producing approximately six-hour-long flank without apparent precursors,...
On 2008 May 29 an earthquake doublet shook the southwestern part of Iceland. The first main shock originated beneath Mt Ingólfsfjall, located near western margin South Iceland Seismic Zone (SISZ) approximately 40 km east capital Reykjavík. Immediate aftershock activity was recorded by SIL seismic network, operated Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO), with both N–S and E–W structures illuminated over a broad area. A continuous GPS (CGPS) also IMO, coseismic offsets up to 200 mm horizontal...
Pressure influences both magma production and the failure of chambers. Changes in pressure interact with local tectonic settings can affect magmatic activity. Present-day reduction ice load on subglacial volcanoes due to global warming is modifying conditions systems. The large pulse volcanic at end last glaciation Iceland suggests a link between unloading volcanism, models that process help evaluate future scenarios. A viscoelastic model glacio-isostatic adjustment considers melt generation...
Abstract Subduction of the Cocos plate and collision Ridge have profound effects on kinematics western Caribbean, including crustal shortening, segmentation overriding plate, tectonic escape Central American fore arc (CAFA). Tectonic models Panama Region (PR) ranged from a rigid block to deforming boundary zone. Recent expansion GPS networks in Panama, Costa Rica, Colombia makes it possible constrain PR. We present an improved kinematic model for using this network test suite describing...
Abstract Large volume effusive eruptions with relatively minor observed precursory signals are at odds widely used models to interpret volcano deformation. Here we propose a new modelling framework that resolves this discrepancy by accounting for magma buoyancy, viscoelastic crustal properties, and sustained channels. At low accumulation rates, the stability of deep bodies is governed magma-host rock density contrast body thickness. During eruptions, inelastic processes including mush...
We analyze data spanning up to 5 years from 18 continuous GPS stations in Iceland, computing daily positions of the with three different high‐level geodetic processing software packages. observe large‐scale crustal deformation due plate spreading across Iceland. The observed divergence between North American and Eurasian plates is general agreement existing models motion. Spreading taken within a ∼100–150 km wide boundary zone that runs through island. Of two parallel branches south eastern...
Induced seismicity is often associated with fluid injection but only rarely linked to surface deformation. At the Hellisheidi geothermal power plant in south-west Iceland we observe up 2 cm of displacements during 2011–2012, indicating expansion crust. The occurred at same time as a strong increase was detected and coincide initial phase wastewater reinjection Hellisheidi. Reinjection started on September 1, 2011 flow rate around 500 kg/s. Micro-seismicity increased immediately area north...
Abstract Repeated periods of inflation‐deflation in the vicinity Mt. Þorbjörn‐Svartsengi, SW‐Iceland, were detected January–July, 2020. We used seismic ambient noise and interferometry to characterize temporal variations velocities (dv/v, %). This is first time Iceland that dv/v are monitored near real‐time during volcanic unrest. The station closest inflation source center (∼1 km) showed largest velocity drop (∼1%). Different frequency range measurements, from 0.1 2 Hz, show variations,...
Abstract Tectonic controls on dyke emplacements, eruption dynamics and locations have been observed in multiple volcanic areas worldwide. Mapping of active structures is therefore key for assessing potential tectonic hazards regions. We used wrapped interferograms from the TerraSAR-X satellite to map fracture movements over a 2-year period volcano-tectonic unrest at onshore Reykjanes Peninsula plate boundary SW Iceland. As 1 December 2023, has included least six inflation events five...
Abstract Unrest began in July 2021 at Askja volcano the Northern Volcanic Zone (NVZ) of Iceland. Its most recent eruption, 1961, was predominantly effusive and produced ∼0.1 km 3 lava field. The last plinian eruption occurred 1875. Geodetic measurements between 1983 detail subsidence Askja, decaying an exponential manner. At end 2021, inflation detected volcano, from GNSS observations Sentinel‐1 interferograms. inflationary episode can be divided into two periods onset until September 2023....
In 1968 a road was constructed along the coast on western side of Tröllaskagi peninsula in central north Iceland. The road, which until 2010 only whole year to town Siglufjörður, crosses three large landslides, Hraun landslide south, Þúfnavellir and Tjarnardalir north, an area named Almenningar. Since its construction extensive damages have occurred often causing hazardous conditions.In 1977 Icelandic Road Coastal Administration began monitor...
Following an increase in seismic activity December 2019, a pressure began the center of Svartsengi volcanic system January 2020, as inferred from geodetic observations. The first diking event occurred, however, nearby Fagradalsfjall system, about 10 km east Svartsengi, 24 February – 19 March 2021, when ~9 long dike gradually formed with geodetically initial volume rates up to 35 m3/s, during week diking. total was ~34 Mm3, based on joint inversions InSAR and GNSS observations that...
Continuous geodetic measurements near volcanic systems have advanced our understanding of magma transport dynamics. However, capturing high spatio-temporal resolution dike intrusion dynamics remains challenging. In this study, we introduce fiber-optic geodesy, an approach that enabled us to track intrusions Grindavík, Iceland, on a minute time scale. This utilizes low-frequency distributed acoustic sensing (LFDAS) along telecommunication fiber cable measure quasi-static signals...
The behavior of temporally sequenced lateral dike intrusions into rift zones depend on intrinsic and extrinsic factors including the pressure build-up in magma source local stress regime influenced by tectonic topography. To reexamine effects these factors, we revised simplified elastic model rifting Buck et al. (2006). In model, topographic gradients stress, addition to accumulation, contribute driving propagation. our dikes follow positive gradient open segment zone, where maximum occurs,...