A5063718855- earthquake and tectonic studies
- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Landslides and related hazards
- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques
- Geological formations and processes
- Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
- Seismology and Earthquake Studies
- Geological Modeling and Analysis
- Geological Formations and Processes Exploration
- Marine and environmental studies
- Seismic Waves and Analysis
- Planetary Science and Exploration
- GNSS positioning and interference
- Geological and Geophysical Studies
- Geological Studies and Exploration
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
- Geological and Geophysical Studies Worldwide
- Winter Sports Injuries and Performance
- Geophysics and Sensor Technology
University of Iceland
2016-2025
Nordic Cancer Union
1998-2013
University of Colorado Boulder
1992
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences
1992
Large volcanic eruptions on Earth commonly occur with a collapse of the roof crustal magma reservoir, forming caldera. Only few such collapses per century, and lack detailed observations has obscured insight into mechanical interplay between eruption. We use multiparameter geophysical geochemical data to show that 110-square-kilometer 65-meter-deep Bárdarbunga caldera in 2014-2015 was initiated through withdrawal magma, lateral migration 48-kilometers-long dike, from 12-kilometers deep...
Many examples of exposed giant dike swarms can be found where lateral magma flow has exceeded hundreds kilometers. We show that massive into dikes established with only modest overpressure in a body if large enough pathway opens at its boundary and gradual buildup high tensile stress occurred along the prior to onset diking. This explains rapid initial rates, modeled up about 7400 cubic meters per second ~15-kilometers long, which propagated under town Grindavík, Southwest Iceland, November...
Abstract Increased rates of deformation and seismicity are well-established precursors to volcanic eruptions, their interpretation forms the basis for eruption warnings worldwide. Rates ground displacement number earthquakes escalate before many eruptions 1–3 , as magma forces its way towards surface. However, pre-eruptive patterns vary widely. Here we show how an beginning on 19 March 2021 at Fagradalsfjall, Iceland, was preceded by a period tectonic stress release ending with decline in...
Crustal deformation in the plate boundary regions south Iceland is estimated from repeated Global Positioning System (GPS) geodetic measurements period 1986–1992. We compare coordinate solutions for 1986 and 1989 surveys with results most recent survey 1992. Horizontal position uncertainty about 2 cm coordinates 4 mm 1992 coordinates. Little internal observed area west of western volcanic zone (within North American plate) at southern tip eastern Eurasian plate). The relative velocity these...
During the Weichselian glaciation Iceland was covered with an ice cap which caused downward flexure of Earth's surface. The post‐glacial rebound in very rapid, being completed about 1000 years. length this time interval constrains maximum value asthenosphere viscosity to be 1 × 10 19 Pa s or less. Further clarification retreat and uplift history may reveal lower viscosity. Current changes mass balance Icelandic glaciers must lead measureable elevation considering low Expected current around...
GPS observations in south Iceland between 1994 and 2003 are compared with two‐dimensional elastic half‐space viscoelastic coupling models for two parallel rift zones, representing the Western Eastern volcanic zones (WVZ, EVZ). data from Hreppar block, WVZ EVZ, fit a rigid block model within uncertainties. Spreading rates across increase 2.6 ± 0.9 mm/yr northeast to 7.0 0.4 southwest. Conversely, spreading EVZ decrease 19.0 2.0 11.0 0.8 southwest, direction of ridge propagation. Summed...
We provide a technique to efficiently produce high‐resolution three‐dimensional surface motion maps by combining information about the of Earth's from interferometric observations synthetic aperture radar images and repeated Global Positioning System (GPS) geodetic measurements. Unwrapped interferograms, showing pixel‐wise change in range ground satellite, sparse values movements are required as input. The problem finding full field is separated into two two‐dimensional problems. Initially,...
Global warming causes retreat of ice caps and sheets. Can melting glaciers trigger increased volcanic activity? Since 1890 the largest cap Iceland, Vatnajökull, with an area ∼8000 km 2 , has been continuously retreating losing about 10% its mass during last century. Present‐day uplift around is as high 25 mm/yr. We evaluate interactions between ongoing glacio‐isostasy current changes to mantle crustal stresses at volcanoes underneath Vatnajökull. The modeling indicates that a substantial...
On 2008 May 29 an earthquake doublet shook the southwestern part of Iceland. The first main shock originated beneath Mt Ingólfsfjall, located near western margin South Iceland Seismic Zone (SISZ) approximately 40 km east capital Reykjavík. Immediate aftershock activity was recorded by SIL seismic network, operated Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO), with both N–S and E–W structures illuminated over a broad area. A continuous GPS (CGPS) also IMO, coseismic offsets up to 200 mm horizontal...
Pressure influences both magma production and the failure of chambers. Changes in pressure interact with local tectonic settings can affect magmatic activity. Present-day reduction ice load on subglacial volcanoes due to global warming is modifying conditions systems. The large pulse volcanic at end last glaciation Iceland suggests a link between unloading volcanism, models that process help evaluate future scenarios. A viscoelastic model glacio-isostatic adjustment considers melt generation...
A broad uplift occurs in Iceland response to the retreat of ice caps, which began circa 1890. Until now, this deformation signal has been measured primarily using GPS at points some distance away from caps. Here, for first time we use satellite radar interferometry (interferometric synthetic aperture radar) constrain ground all way up edge largest cap, Vatnajökull. This allows improved constraints on Earth rheology, both thickness uppermost layer that responds only an elastic manner and...
The underground circulation of hot water, interest for geothermal energy production, is often indirectly inferred from the presence minerals formed by hydrothermal alteration at different temperatures. Clay minerals, such as smectite and chlorite, can be mapped surface using electrical soundings give information about structure system. Here, we investigate specific role in response igneous basaltic rocks evaluate what physical processes make a better conductor than surrounding minerals....