A5061705078- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Climate variability and models
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Science and Climate Studies
- Climate change and permafrost
- Integrated Energy Systems Optimization
- Precipitation Measurement and Analysis
- Landslides and related hazards
- Global Energy and Sustainability Research
- Plant Ecology and Soil Science
- Marine and environmental studies
- demographic modeling and climate adaptation
- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Wind and Air Flow Studies
- Seismology and Earthquake Studies
- Aeolian processes and effects
- Renewable energy and sustainable power systems
- Energy Load and Power Forecasting
- Wind Energy Research and Development
- Winter Sports Injuries and Performance
- Global Energy Security and Policy
Icelandic Meteorological Office
2011-2024
McGill University
1995
The 39-day long eruption at the summit of Eyjafjallajökull volcano in April–May 2010 was modest size but ash widely dispersed. By combining data from ground surveys and remote sensing we show that erupted material 4.8±1.2·1011 kg (benmoreite trachyte, dense rock equivalent volume 0.18±0.05 km3). About 20% lava water-transported tephra, 80% airborne tephra (bulk 0.27 km3) transported by 3–10 km high plumes. mostly fine (diameter <1000 µm). At least 7·1010 (70 Tg) very (<28 µm), several times...
Abstract. The eruption of Eyjafjallajökull volcano in 2010 lasted for 39 days, 14 April–23 May. had two explosive phases separated by a phase with lava formation and reduced activity. height the plume was monitored every 5 min C-band weather radar located Keflavík International Airport, 155 km distance from volcano. Furthermore, several web cameras were mounted view volcano, their images saved five seconds. Time series plume-top altitude constructed observations camera village Hvolsvöllur at...
Abstract We investigate factors influencing European winter (DJFM) air temperatures for the period 1979–2015 with focus on changes during recent of rapid Arctic warming (1998–2015). employ meteorological reanalyses analysed a combination correlation analysis, two pattern clustering techniques, and back‐trajectory airmass identification. In all five selected regions, severe cold events lasting at least 4 days are significantly correlated warm episodes. Relationships opposite conditions...
Downscaling simulations performed with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model were used to determine large-scale wind energy potential of Iceland. Local speed distributions are represented by Weibull statistics. The shape parameter across Iceland varies between 1.2 3.6, lowest values indicative near-exponential at sheltered locations, highest normal exposed locations in winter. Compared summer, average power density winter is increased throughout a factor 2.0–5.5. In any season,...
Abstract. The eruption of Grímsvötn volcano in Iceland 2011 lasted for a week, 21–28 May. was explosive and peaked during the first hours, with plume reaching 20–25 km altitude. height monitored every 5 min C-band weather radar located at Keflavík International Airport mobile X-band radar, 257 75 distance from respectively. In addition, photographs taken half-hour give information regarding initial rise. Time series plume-top altitude were constructed observations. This paper presents two...
Here, we analyse high-frequency (1 min) surface air temperature, mean sea-level pressure (MSLP), wind speed and direction cloud-cover data acquired during the solar eclipse of 20 March 2015 from 76 UK Met Office weather stations, compare results with those 30 stations in Faroe Islands 148 Iceland. There was a statistically significant temperature drop 0.83±0.63°C, which occurred over 39 min on average, minimum lagged peak by about 10 min. For subset 14 (16) relatively clear (cloudy)...
Meaningful forecasting of the atmospheric concentration and ground accumulation volcanic ash during explosive eruptions requires detailed knowledge eruption source parameters. However, due to large uncertainties in observations limitations current models used make inferences from these, monitoring an ongoing quantifying mass rate real-time is a considerable challenge. Within EU supersite project "FutureVolc", integrated approach has been applied develop quasi-autonomous multi-parameter...
We present maps of monthly average temperature for the period 1961-1990. To construct we first calculated means 1961-1990 at each available station in Iceland, and then spatially interpolated results. The spatial interpolation procedure consisted two steps: de-trending kriging. In step an 8-component linear model was fitted to data, residual from calculated. kriging step, residuals were a map Iceland using results added field produce mean month. This method employed 12 calendar months annual...
The offshore wind climate in Iceland is examined based on satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR), coastal meteorological station measurements, and results from two atmospheric model data sets, HARMONIE NORA10. winds are highly influenced by the rugged coastline. Lee effects, gap flow, barrier jets, gravity waves not only observed SAR, but also modeled well HARMONIE. Offshore observations available, speed direction measurements masts found to compare nearby locations SAR. More than 2500 SAR...
We discuss the problem of calculating annual cycle, with a daily resolution. A tension spline method is developed whereby values are interpolated from consecutive monthly values, in such way that means conserved. This then applied to maps minimum, mean and maximum temperature Iceland which results three sets 365 maps. use these calculate degree days Julian day maxima minima. getting unbiased propose correct for biases. closer examination seasonal cycle reveals many locations reaches minimum...
Abstract. The eruption of Eyjafjallajökull volcano in 2010 lasted for 39 days, 14 April–23 May. had two explosive phases separated by a phase with lava formation and reduced activity. height the plume was monitored every 5 min C-band weather radar located Keflavík International Airport, 155 km distance from volcano. Furthermore, several web cameras were mounted view volcano, their images saved five seconds. Time series plume-top altitude constructed observations camera village Hvolsvöllur at...
Abstract. The eruption of Grímsvötn volcano in Iceland 2011 lasted for a week, 21–28 May. was explosive and peaked during the first hours, with plume reaching 20–25 km altitude. height monitored every 5 min C-band weather radar located at Keflavík International Airport mobile X-band radar, 257 75 distance from volcano, respectively. In addition, photographs taken half-hour give information regarding initial rise. Time series plume-top altitude were constructed observations. This paper...